Basic Structure/Function Human joints Flashcards
Which type of joint allows for essentially no movement?
Synarthrosis - bind and transfer forces between bones
Which type of joint allows for moderate to extensive motion?
Diarthrosis
What are the two types of synarthrosis joints?
Syndesmosis (fibrous)- distal tib/fib
Symphysis (cartilaginous) - intervertebral disk
The seven elemental structures that are always present in synovial joints are what?
- Synovial fluid
- Articular cartilage
- Joint capsule
- Synovial membrane
- ligaments
- blood vessels
- Sensory nerves
What are the 7 types of synovial joints and what are examples of each?
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Ellipsoid
- Ball and socket
- Plane
- Saddle
- Condyloid
What are the 3 joint functions?
Allow for motion
Bear body weight
Provide Stability
True/False The axis of rotation at your joints is a fixed point.
True
What are the main components of connective tissue?
- Fibrous proteins (collagen and elastin)
- Ground Substance (water, solutes)
- Cells (fibroblasts, chondrocytes)
The three types of periarticular connective tissue are what?
- Dense Connective Tissue
- Articular Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
A ______ is an example of tissue made up of mostly regular dense connective tissue.
Regular - more orderly/near parallel orientation of collagen fibers (functions most effectively when stretched parallel to long axis of ligament)
EXAMPLE: Lig and tendons
A ______ is an example of tissue made up of mostly irregular dense connective tissue.
Irregular=irregular and haphazard orientation of collagen within ground substance (tensile forces in multiple directions)
EXAMPLE: joint capsule
True/False: Dense CT has high blood supply
False - limited so slow to no repair
Difference in composition and structure of tendons and ligaments allows for different function -
Tendons - high directional tensile loads
Ligaments - more variety in load direction
Hyaline cartilage’s primary function is what?
Articular cartilage - distributes and absorbs join forces and reduces joint friction
How does hyaline cartilage receive nutrients?
Receives nutrition with compression
True/False: Hyaline cartilage is avascular and neural
False: avascular and ANEURAL
What is the primary function of fibrocartilage and give an example of fibrocartilage?
- Primary Function: supports and mechanically stabilizes joints, dissipates loads across multiple planes & guides complex arthrokinematics
- Includes: menisci, labrum, discs
True/False: Outer rim of some fibrocartilage do have direct blood supply
True, aneural and limited blood supply except for outer rim of some fibrocartilage do have direct blood supply
Bone made up of what 3 things?
- I Collagen
- Osteoblasts
- Hard ground substances
What is the primary function of bone?
Primary Function: rigid support to the body & systems of levers for muscles
True/False: Bone is vascularized and innervated
True, can be regenerated and changed easily
Two types of bone:
- Compact bone - Outer cortex of long bones
2. Cancellous bone - End of long bones have thinner layer of compact bone surrounded by a network of cancellous bone
What is the concept behind Wolff’s Law?
“Bone is laid down in areas of high stress and reabsorbed in areas of low stress”
What impact does immobilization have on connective tissue?
-Immobilized joint will demonstrate changes in structure and function of connective tissues if immobilized for prolonged time
