Basic Structure/Function Human joints

Question 1

Which type of joint allows for essentially no movement?

Answer 1

Synarthrosis - bind and transfer forces between bones

Question 2

Which type of joint allows for moderate to extensive motion?

Answer 2

Diarthrosis

Question 3

What are the two types of synarthrosis joints?

Answer 3

Syndesmosis (fibrous)- distal tib/fib

Symphysis (cartilaginous) - intervertebral disk

Question 4

The seven elemental structures that are always present in synovial joints are what?

Answer 4

• Synovial fluid
• Articular cartilage
• Joint capsule
• Synovial membrane
• ligaments
• blood vessels
• Sensory nerves

Question 5

What are the 7 types of synovial joints and what are examples of each?

Answer 5

• Hinge
• Pivot
• Ellipsoid
• Ball and socket
• Plane
• Saddle
• Condyloid

Question 6

What are the 3 joint functions?

Answer 6

Allow for motion
Bear body weight
Provide Stability

Question 7

True/False The axis of rotation at your joints is a fixed point.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are the main components of connective tissue?

Answer 8

1. Fibrous proteins (collagen and elastin)
2. Ground Substance (water, solutes)
3. Cells (fibroblasts, chondrocytes)

Question 9

The three types of periarticular connective tissue are what?

Answer 9

1. Dense Connective Tissue
2. Articular Cartilage
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 10

A ______ is an example of tissue made up of mostly regular dense connective tissue.

Answer 10

Regular - more orderly/near parallel orientation of collagen fibers (functions most effectively when stretched parallel to long axis of ligament)
EXAMPLE: Lig and tendons

Question 11

A ______ is an example of tissue made up of mostly irregular dense connective tissue.

Answer 11

Irregular=irregular and haphazard orientation of collagen within ground substance (tensile forces in multiple directions)
EXAMPLE: joint capsule

Question 12

True/False: Dense CT has high blood supply

Answer 12

False - limited so slow to no repair

Question 13

Difference in composition and structure of tendons and ligaments allows for different function -

Answer 13

Tendons - high directional tensile loads

Ligaments - more variety in load direction

Question 14

Hyaline cartilage’s primary function is what?

Answer 14

Articular cartilage - distributes and absorbs join forces and reduces joint friction

Question 15

How does hyaline cartilage receive nutrients?

Answer 15

Receives nutrition with compression

Question 16

True/False: Hyaline cartilage is avascular and neural

Answer 16

False: avascular and ANEURAL

Question 17

What is the primary function of fibrocartilage and give an example of fibrocartilage?

Answer 17

• Primary Function: supports and mechanically stabilizes joints, dissipates loads across multiple planes & guides complex arthrokinematics
• Includes: menisci, labrum, discs

Question 18

True/False: Outer rim of some fibrocartilage do have direct blood supply

Answer 18

True, aneural and limited blood supply except for outer rim of some fibrocartilage do have direct blood supply

Question 19

Bone made up of what 3 things?

Answer 19

1. I Collagen
2. Osteoblasts
3. Hard ground substances

Question 20

What is the primary function of bone?

Answer 20

Primary Function: rigid support to the body & systems of levers for muscles

Question 21

True/False: Bone is vascularized and innervated

Answer 21

True, can be regenerated and changed easily

Question 22

Two types of bone:

Answer 22

1. Compact bone - Outer cortex of long bones

2. Cancellous bone - End of long bones have thinner layer of compact bone surrounded by a network of cancellous bone

Question 23

What is the concept behind Wolff’s Law?

Answer 23

“Bone is laid down in areas of high stress and reabsorbed in areas of low stress”

Question 24

What impact does immobilization have on connective tissue?

Answer 24

-Immobilized joint will demonstrate changes in structure and function of connective tissues if immobilized for prolonged time

Question 25

True/False: There is no rapid loss of strength with prolonged reduce loading and recovery is fast.

Answer 25

False, Rapid loss of strength occurs with prolonged reduce loading and recovery is slower