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Kines Exam 1 > Ankle > Flashcards

Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot?

A 
Hindfoot = talus, calcaneus
Midfoot = navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiform bones
Forefoot = metatarsals, phalanges
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2
Q

What joint types are proximal and distal tibiofibular joints?

A 
Proximal = planar
distal = synarthrosis
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3
Q

What stabilizes the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints?

A 
Proximal = joint capsule, ant/post tibfib lig
Distal = no joint capsule, ant/post tibfib life, interosseous membrane
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4
Q

Where have you injured if you have a high ankle sprain?

A

Distal tibfib joint (interosseous membrane)

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5
Q

Describe the motions of the tibiofibular joints and the open pack position.

A 
Motions:
1. Ant/post glide
2. Sup/inf glide
3. IR/ER
Open pack position = 10 plantar flexion
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6
Q

What is the osteology of the talocrural joint and what joint type is it?

A
  1. Mortise (tibia and fibula)
  2. Talus
    Joint type = hinge
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7
Q

What is the deltoid ligament and the lateral collateral ligament? Where do they support? Which is strong?

A

Deltoid (MCL) - limits eversion, extremely strong
Lateral CL - Limits inversion, weaker
(Anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular)

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8
Q

What muscles limit plantarflexion at ankle?

A

Tib ant
Ext hallucis longus
Ext digitorum longus

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9
Q

What muscles limit dorsiflexion at ankle?

A

Gastroc

Soleus

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10
Q

What muscles assist MCL (deltoid) at ankle?

A

Tib post
Flex hallucis longus
Flex digitorum longus

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11
Q

WHat muscles assist LCL at ankle?

A

Fib longus

Fib brevis

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12
Q

What position is the most stable at the talocrural joint?

A

Dorsiflexion

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13
Q

Describe the osteo and arthrokinematics of the talocrural joint.

A

OKC, convex moving on concave
Dorsiflexion - anterior roll, posterior glide
Plantarflexion - posterior roll, anterior glide

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14
Q

What is the open pack position and capsular pattern of the talocrural joint?

A

Open pack = 10 plantarflexion

Capsular pattern = plantarflexion > dorsiflexion

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15
Q

Which is more mobile and which is more stable when discussing pronation and supination?

A

Mobile - pronation

Stable - supination

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16
Q

What are the three plantar arches of the foot?

A

Medial
Lateral
Transverse

17
Q

What is the purpose of pronation and supination?

A

Mobility and rigidity

18
Q

What is the function of plantar fascia and the windlass effect?

A
  1. PF contraction lifts calcaneous
  2. BW transferred over metatarsal heads
  3. Ext of metatarsalphalangeal joints leading to plantar fascia being pulled increasingly tighter
  4. Strengthens midfoot
19
Q

What is the osteology of the subtalar joint?

A

Talus and calcaneous

20
Q

Describe the coupling motions (pronation and supination) at the subtalar joint in non-weight bearing.

A

OKC
Supination = inversion, adduction, slight plantarflexion
Pronation = eversion, abduction, slight dorsiflexion

21
Q

Describe the coupling motions (pronation and supination) at the subtalar joint in weight bearing.

A

CKC
Supination = calcaneous will invert while Talus will abduct and dorsiflex
Pronation = calcaneous will evert while talus add and plantar flex

22
Q

What is valgus and varus movements at the calcaneous?

A 
Valgus = calcaneal eversion
Varus = calcaneal inversion
23
Q

How does pronation and supination impact the proximal leg? How can the proximal leg influence pronation and supination?

A

Pronation -> medial tibfib rotation
Supination -> lateral tibfib rotation
Medial rotation of hip/knee -> pronation
Lateral rotation of hip/knee -> supination

24
Q

What is the open pack position of the subtalar joint?

A

Mid inversion/eversion and mid plantar flexion/dorsiflexion

25
Q

What joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Talonavicular

Calcanealcuboid

26
Q

Transverse tarsal joint when
Small subtalar pronation
Large subtalar pronation

A

Small - absorb so forefoot doesn’t pronate

Large - transverse will supinate an equal amount to maintain proper weight bearing

27
Q

Transverse tarsal joint when
Small subtalar supination
Large subtalar supination

A

Small - transverse counters will pronation

Large - transverse can’t compensate and will follow into supination

28
Q

What is the open pack position of the transverse tarsal joint?

A

Mid range supination/pronation

29
Q

What is meant by a supination twist and a pronation twist? Where do these occur? What are their purposes?

A

Supination twist - weight bearing pronation -> transverse can’t counter with enough supination -> forefoot will invert to keep forefoot on ground
Pronation twist - Full subtalar supination resulting in transverse tarsal supination -> forefoot must pronate to maintain contact with ground

30
Q

What impact does extension at the MTP joint have on the plantar fascia and how does that impact supination? When during gait do we want this extension to occur? Why?

A

In weight bearing function is to allow foot to rotate over toes through MTP extension when rising on toes or during walking

31
Q

Describe the osteo and arthrokinematics of the MTP joints.

A

Concave and convex
Flexion - plantar roll and glide
Ext - dorsal roll and glide
Abd/add - Roll/glide same direction (ref point is 2nd toe)

32
Q

What are the open pack position and capsular pattern of the MTP joints?

A

Open pack = 10 extension
Capsular pattern = 1st MTP Ext>Flex
2-5 loss of flex

33
Q

Describe hallux limitus and hallux valgus.

A

Limitus - Sig limitation of motion, articular degeneration and pain (most common MOI forceful hyperextension - turf toe)
Valgus - (bunion) lateral deviation of great toe that can lead to lateral dislocation

34
Q

What is the function of interphalangeal joints?

A

Maintain stability by pressing against the ground in standing

35
Q

What is the osteo and arthrokinematics of the IP joints?

A

Concave moving on convex
Flex - plantar roll/glide
Ext - dorsi roll/glide

36
Q

What is pes planus? What is pes cavus?

A

Planus -abnormally dropped medial longitudinal arch
-overstretched, torn or weakened plantar fascia, spring lig and or tibialis posterior tendon
-Compromises ability to supinate fully
Cavus - abnormally raised medial longitudinal arch
-excessive rearfoot varus (inversion) and forefoot vaglus (eversion)

37
Q

What is the role of posterior tibialis during gait?

A
  1. Gradual and controlled lowering of medial arch
  2. Absorbs impact from loading
  3. Supinates rearfoot in mid-to-late stance to provide stable foot for toe-off

Kines Exam 1 (15 decks)

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