Intro to the Human Body Flashcards
Anatomy
bodily structure
Physiology
body function
Hierarchy of Structural Organization
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Integumentary System
skin, protection
skeletal system
bones, support and protection
muscular system
muscles, allows for movement
nervous system
central and peripheral, reaction to stimuli
endocrine system
major regulatory system, hormones and glands
cardiovascular system
heart and vessels, transports nutrients and waste
lymphatic system
removes foreign substances
respiratory system
lungs, exchange of gasses
digestive system
stomach, intestines, oral cavity - mechanical and chemical digestion
urinary system
kidneys, bladder - removes waste from blood
reproductive system
female and male, site of gametes
Homeostasis
the regulation of a constant internal environment needed to function
positive feedback
going in the same direction of the stimulus (ex. labor)
negative feedback
going in the opposite direction of the stimulus (ex. sweating)
Axial region
head, neck, trunk, back
appendicular region
upper and lower limbs
Orbital
eye
nasal
nose
oral
mouth
cervical
neck
pectoral
chest
sternal
breastbone
mammary
breast
abdominal
abdomen
umbilical
naval
pelvic
pelvis
inguinal
groin
otic
ear
axillary
armpit
brachial
upper arm
antecubital
front of elbow
antebrachial
forearm
carpal
wrist
digital
fingers
manual
hand
femoral
thigh
patellar
kneecap
crural
leg
talus
ankle
digital
toes
pedal
foot
occipital
base of skull
scapular
shoulder blades
vertebral
spinal column
lumbar
loin or lower back
gluteal
buttock
cranial
skull
olecranon
point of elbow (the back)
popliteal
behind the knee
calcaneal
heel
superior
above
inferior
below
anterior / ventral
front
posterior / dorsal
back
medial
close to the midline
lateral
away from the midline
proximal
close to the point of attachment
distal
far from the point of attachment
superficial
close to the surface
deep
close to the interior
Sagittal plane
divides right and left
Coronal / Frontal Plane
Divides anterior and posterior
Transverse plane
divides upper and lower body
Flexion
to make the angle smaller ex. bend the elbow
extension
to make the angle larger ex. straighten the elbow
Abduction
to remove from the midline
Adduction
to add to the midline
Elevation
to move up ex. shrug shoulders
Depression
to move down ex. relax shoulders
Protrusion
to push forward ex. the jaw
Retrusion
to pull back ex. the jaw
protraction
being drawn fowards ex. the scapula moving forwards
retraction
to be drawn backwards ex. the scapula moving back
Supination
to be facing anteriorly ex. palms forward
Pronation
to be facing posteriorly ex. palms backwards
Abdominal quadrants
divide the abdomen into upper and lower right and left
Cranial Cavity
contains the brain
vertebral cavity
contains the spinal chord
Thoracic cavity
contains the pleural cavities/lungs and mediastinim/heart
Abdominopelvic cavity
Contains the abdominal cavity (digestive system, etc) and the pelvic cavity (reproductive organs, etc.)
visceral serous membrane
covers organs
parietal serous membrane
lines the walls of cavities
cavity
fluid filled space between membranes
pericardium
surrounds the heart
pleura
surrounds the lungs
