Cells Structure and Function Flashcards
Four Main Functions of the Cell
Metabolism and energy use
Synthesis of molecules
Communication
Reproduction and inheritance
Cytoplasm
Fluid that surrounds the organelles
Organelles
specialized structures that preform certain functions
Nucleus
near center of cell
contains genetic material and nucleolus
RNA synthesis
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
rough er
has ribosomes attached
site of protein synthesis
smooth er
site if lipid synthesis
detoxification
golgi apparatus
modifies protein structure
packaging and shipping in secretory vesicles
vesicles
contains produced material
secreted by exocytosis
lysosomes
contains enzymes that digest material taken into cell
mitochondria
aerobic respiration
ATP synthesis
microtubule
cytoskeleton protein
largest diameter
assists in cell division
cilia and flagella
centrioles
facilitate movement of chromosomes in cell division
cilia
move substances over surfaces of cells
flagella
propel sperm cells
microvilli
increase surface area of cells
nuclear envelop
outer and inner membranes that bind nucleus
nuclear pores
allows material to pass into or out of nucleus
chromosomes
23 pairs of tightly coiled DNA
chromatin
loosely coiled DNA
peroxisomes
break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide (which is a byproduct of breakdown of fatty and amino acids)
cytoskeleton
cell’s framework
made of proteins
intermediate filaments
medium diameter
maintain cell shape
kertain
microfilaments
smallest diameter
cell movement
muscle contraction
