Intro to Radiology Flashcards
PA vs AP setups
Which setup makes the heart appear larger than it really is? AP, or PA?
AP makes the heart appear larger, since it is farther away from the screen.
Remember, AP is A Portable X-ray, which has the screen placed behind the patient while the patient is in bed.
Good inspiration on a CXR
Diaphragm should be between the 8th and 10th posterior rib
Dorsal vs ventral ribs on CXR
When placing a central line, where do you want it to end up?
The cavo-atrial junction (where the SVC meets the right atrium)
How do you find the cavo-atrial junction on a CXR?
It is approximately at the location where the right main stem bronchus meets the heart.
Endotracheal tubes should be placed. . .
. . . in the trachea, above the level of the carina.
If one is improperly placed, the lung it favors will likely be hyperinflated relative to the other lung.
How far should an NG tube be placed?
10 cm into the stomach beyond the approximate EG junction
“Danger zones” on CXR
Areas that are hard to see and often harbor pathology
The apices of the lungs and behind the heart
What is more dangerous? A left-sided pneumothorax, or a right-sided pneumothorax?
A right-sided pneumothorax, because the lower-pressure vascular systems are all on the right.
If you are having trouble telling whether or not an X-ray shows pneumothorax, the best place to look is the. . .
. . . intervertebral squares: the areas in-between the posterior and anterior rib shadows that should clearly show normal lung markings.
When you see an opacified hemithorax on imaging, think. . .
. . . atelectasis, pneumonia, or pleural effusion.
What finding suggests atelectasis on CXR with an opacified hemithorax?
Deviation of the heart towards the collapsed side.
What finding suggests pleural effusion on CXR with an opacified hemithorax?
- Deviation of the heart away from the opacified side
- Sharp line boundaries indicating a fluid-air interface
- Occupation of the costodiaphragmatic recess
What finding suggests pneumonia on CXR with an opacified hemithorax?
Lack of heart deviation
Straight line vs meniscus on pleural effusion
Meniscus = uncomplicated pleural effusion
Straight line = air-liquid-interface, ergo, hydropneumothorax