Intro to Plant Cell Flashcards
robert hooke
discovered “cell” cork bark w microscope
matthias schleiden
plants are composed of cells
theodor schwann
animals are composed of cells
schleiden and schwann cell theory
organisms = 1 or more cells
cell = basic unit
new cells come from existing cells
antoine van leeuwenhoek
microscope
microscopes (3 types)
light microscope (compound/dissecting)
electron microscope (TEM/SEM)
fluorescence microscope (epifluorescence/confocal/autofluorescence)
epifluorescence
xenon arc or mercury vapour lamps (excite fluorophores)
confocal
lasers (generate optical sections, improves resolution)
autofluorescence
fluorescence of naturally occurring substances
first form of life
prokaryotes
first eukaryotes
protists
first plants
green algae began transition
(water -> land)
fungi not in plant kingdom - why?
don’t photosynthesize
pro vs euk
prokaryote:
unicellular (asexual)
eukaryote:
unicellular (asexual)
multicellular (asexual/sexual)
share common prokaryote ancestor, 4 macromolecules, metabolic processes, cell membrane
phospholipid bilayer components
phosphate heads - hydrophilic
fatty acid tails - hydrophobic
membrane carbohydrate functions
cell recognition
structural support
membrane proteins functions
selective transport
receptors
recognize disease
attachment sites
prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)
marine and fresh
phototroph
Great Oxidation Event
“blooms”
photosynthesis w thylakoids, not full chloroplasts
NOT blue-green algae
golgi names
dicytosome (plant)
golgi apparatus (animal)
signature plant cell organelles
plastids
vacuoles
plastids types (2)
- make or store food/pigments
- can change types (interconversion)
Leucoplasts - colourless (starch, oil, protein)
Chromoplasts - pigmented plastids for tissue colour
vacuoles - functions (5)
(surrounded by membrane - tonoplast)
cell shape (turgor)
sequester toxins
store ions, H2O, dissolved pigments
crystal formation in specialized cells
break down large macromolecules/organelles
endosymbiosis
- account for development of double-membrane organelles (mitochondria/chloroplasts)
- aerobic prokaryotes + photosynthetic bacteria -> invade prokaryotic host
plant cell wall (composition)
- polysaccharides and proteins
- cellulose - main scaffolding, bundled -> form microfibrils
- hemicelluloses - carbohydrates that crosslink cellulose microfibrils
- pectins - carbohydrates that “gel” & regulate cell-cell adhesion
- glycoproteins - sugar proteins