Intro to pharma Flashcards
what does activated charcoal do
used in paracetamol overdose
sticks to paracetamol so it cant be dissolved
but can only be used within an hour
ADSORPTION
physiochemical reaction
what severe issues can paracetamol overdose cause
fulminant liver failure
shutdown of basic physiological systems
death
metablism for paracetamol
phase 2 hepatic metabolism 95%
phase 1 5%
what is the thing that makes paracetamol overdose so severe
NAPQI
pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body ie what the drug does
mechanism that the drugs use to have an effect in the body
- g protein coupling
- enzyme linked receptors
-intracellular receptors
-ligand gated ion channels
pharmacokinetic
what the body does to the drug
what is syngergism
when you put two drugs together- they work better than they would do alone
same type of drug ie analgesic
paracetamol and morphine
paracetamol and ibuprofen
define antagonism
HAVE FULL AFFINITY AND ZERO EFFICACY THEREBY DECREASING THE ACTIVATION OF THE RECEPTOR
what is salbutamol an example of
beta 2 agonist
what can beta blockers be used to
heart failure to increase contractility
hypertension
summation
when you add things together and its what you expect
agonism
Have full affinity and full efficacy thereby increasing activation of the receptor
name the types of agonists
full
partial
inverse
what does a partial agonist do
can only generate a fraction of the total response
what does an inverse agonist do
causes a decrease in signalling at the receptor site
potentiation
drug a + drug b
drug a increases but drug b stays the same
Pharmacokinetics mechanisms?
Administration
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Define bioavailabilty
Fraction of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation
bioavailability for an IV drug and why
100%
Straight into bloodstream
what drug can effect motility
codeine
opiates
how does acidity have an effect of adsoprtion
more acidic environment an acidic drug is more likely to get adsorbed
most common protein binding combo
warfarin + amiadarone
what is morphine metabolised by
CYP450 into morphine 6- glucoronide
what does phenyton do to morphine
enzyme induction
causes excess morphine 6 glucuronide
an overdose
how can you decrease the production of morphine
metrondazole- an antibiotic
enzyme inhibition
what does enzyme induction do to wafarin
increase INR
Increase risk of bleeding
what is furosemide an example of
loop diuretic
what would you give for an aspirin overdose
sodium bicarbonate, so that is it excreted rather than reabsorpebd
what is affinity
how well the ligand binds to its receptor
if it has low affinity it will bind less
what is efficacy
how well the drug works on that specific receptor
what is potency
the amount of drug needed to achieve a response in the body
what does an agonist do
attaches to the receptor , causing a reaction in the cell
what does a competitive inhibitor do
BLOCKS other things from binding to the receptor by sitting in its action site affinity is unchanged
what does a non competititive inhibitor do
BLOCKS other things from binding to the receptor but not by sitting in its action site, may attach elsewhere
main factors that effect distribution
blood flow
molecular weight/ size
how lipophilic/ phobic a drug is
blood brain barrier
blood testicle barrier
main routes of administration
oral
subcutaneous
intramuscular
topical
rectal
intrathecal
sublingual/ bucca;
inhalation
Competitive inhibition dose curve shape and explanation
Curve shifts right
Drug has less affinity but same efficacy
Drug is less potent
Non competitive inhibitor dose curve shape
Curve shifts right and downwards
Less affinity and less efficacy
Drug is less potent
Difference between tolerance of dependance
Tolerance is body physiological response to needing more
Dependance is psychological
