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PHARMACOLOGY > Intro to pharma > Flashcards

Intro to pharma Flashcards

1
Q

what does activated charcoal do

A

used in paracetamol overdose
sticks to paracetamol so it cant be dissolved
but can only be used within an hour

ADSORPTION
physiochemical reaction

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2
Q

what severe issues can paracetamol overdose cause

A

fulminant liver failure
shutdown of basic physiological systems
death

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3
Q

metablism for paracetamol

A

phase 2 hepatic metabolism 95%
phase 1 5%

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4
Q

what is the thing that makes paracetamol overdose so severe

A

NAPQI

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5
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug does to the body ie what the drug does

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6
Q

mechanism that the drugs use to have an effect in the body

A
  • g protein coupling
  • enzyme linked receptors
    -intracellular receptors
    -ligand gated ion channels
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7
Q

pharmacokinetic

A

what the body does to the drug

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8
Q

what is syngergism

A

when you put two drugs together- they work better than they would do alone

same type of drug ie analgesic

paracetamol and morphine
paracetamol and ibuprofen

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9
Q

define antagonism

A

HAVE FULL AFFINITY AND ZERO EFFICACY THEREBY DECREASING THE ACTIVATION OF THE RECEPTOR

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10
Q

what is salbutamol an example of

A

beta 2 agonist

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11
Q

what can beta blockers be used to

A

heart failure to increase contractility
hypertension

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12
Q

summation

A

when you add things together and its what you expect

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13
Q

agonism

A

Have full affinity and full efficacy thereby increasing activation of the receptor

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14
Q

name the types of agonists

A

full
partial
inverse

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15
Q

what does a partial agonist do

A

can only generate a fraction of the total response

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16
Q

what does an inverse agonist do

A

causes a decrease in signalling at the receptor site

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17
Q

potentiation

A

drug a + drug b
drug a increases but drug b stays the same

18
Q

Pharmacokinetics mechanisms?

A

Administration
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

19
Q

Define bioavailabilty

A

Fraction of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation

20
Q

bioavailability for an IV drug and why

A

100%
Straight into bloodstream

21
Q

what drug can effect motility

A

codeine
opiates

22
Q

how does acidity have an effect of adsoprtion

A

more acidic environment an acidic drug is more likely to get adsorbed

23
Q

most common protein binding combo

A

warfarin + amiadarone

24
Q

what is morphine metabolised by

A

CYP450 into morphine 6- glucoronide

25
Q

what does phenyton do to morphine

A

enzyme induction
causes excess morphine 6 glucuronide
an overdose

26
Q

how can you decrease the production of morphine

A

metrondazole- an antibiotic
enzyme inhibition

27
Q

what does enzyme induction do to wafarin

A

increase INR
Increase risk of bleeding

28
Q

what is furosemide an example of

A

loop diuretic

29
Q

what would you give for an aspirin overdose

A

sodium bicarbonate, so that is it excreted rather than reabsorpebd

30
Q

what is affinity

A

how well the ligand binds to its receptor

if it has low affinity it will bind less

31
Q

what is efficacy

A

how well the drug works on that specific receptor

32
Q

what is potency

A

the amount of drug needed to achieve a response in the body

33
Q

what does an agonist do

A

attaches to the receptor , causing a reaction in the cell

34
Q

what does a competitive inhibitor do

A

BLOCKS other things from binding to the receptor by sitting in its action site affinity is unchanged

35
Q

what does a non competititive inhibitor do

A

BLOCKS other things from binding to the receptor but not by sitting in its action site, may attach elsewhere

36
Q

main factors that effect distribution

A

blood flow
molecular weight/ size
how lipophilic/ phobic a drug is
blood brain barrier
blood testicle barrier

37
Q

main routes of administration

A

oral
subcutaneous
intramuscular
topical
rectal
intrathecal
sublingual/ bucca;
inhalation

38
Q

Competitive inhibition dose curve shape and explanation

A

Curve shifts right
Drug has less affinity but same efficacy
Drug is less potent

39
Q

Non competitive inhibitor dose curve shape

A

Curve shifts right and downwards
Less affinity and less efficacy
Drug is less potent

40
Q

Difference between tolerance of dependance

A

Tolerance is body physiological response to needing more
Dependance is psychological

PHARMACOLOGY (7 decks)

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