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PHARMACOLOGY > Cholinergic, adrenergic pharmacology > Flashcards

Cholinergic, adrenergic pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

where do nerves in the sympathetic nervous system originate

A

thoracic and lumbar regions

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2
Q

what is afferent

A

signals towards the brain/ spinal cord

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3
Q

where are the pre ganglionic nerves

A

lateral horn of spinal cord
T1-L2

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4
Q

what is adrenergic

A

relating to adrenaline or noradrenaline and their receptors

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5
Q

role of somatic ns

A

Connect the CNS with organs and striated muscle to perform our daily functions

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6
Q

role of the autonomic nervous system

A

Regulates involuntary physiological processes

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7
Q

differences between ganglion is sympathetic and parasympaethic ganglion

A

In the sympathetic system, the ganglion is within a chain adjacent to the spinal cord

In the parasympathetic system, the ganglion is within or very close to the effector organ

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8
Q

2 main neurotransmitters

A

ACH
noradrenaline

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9
Q

What occurs at the pre ganglionic nerve and what neurotransmitter and receptors esare involved

A

Ach acts on both nicotinic receptors

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10
Q

is ach pre or post ganglionic

A

preganglionic and post ganglionic

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11
Q

what does nicotine stimulate

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic

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12
Q

how many muscarinic receptors

A

5

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13
Q

role of the 5 types of muscarinnic receptors

A

m1- brain
m2 - heart
m3- all organs with paraysmpathetic innervation
m4- mainly cns
m5- mainly cns

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14
Q

what would you expect with muscarine poisoning

A

miosis ( shrinking of pupil) and blurred vision
diarrhoea
polyuria

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15
Q

what do pilocarpine eye drops do

A

they are m3 agonists
increases drainage of aqueous humour
reduces ocular pressure
treats acute

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16
Q

what does botulin do

A

prevents the release of ach
causes flaccis paralysis and death from respiratory muscle involvement

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17
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

Blockage of normal transmission of ACh leads to skeletal muscle weakness

can cause paralysis

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18
Q

what is the precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

dopamine

19
Q

describe the structure of the nervous system

A

split into central and peripheral ns

Central is split into spinal cord and brain

Peripheral = efferent + afferent
efferent - autonomic + somatic
autonomic = sympathetic, enteric + parasympathetic
afferent

20
Q

what is efferent

A

carries signals away from the brain or spinal cord

21
Q

In general what recetpr and what neurotransmitter is involved in preganglions

A

ach
on nicotinic receptors
in symp / para

22
Q

In general what receptor and what neurotransmitter is involved in post ganglionic movements

A

ach on muscarinic receptors - parasympathetic
noradrenaline - alpha and beta receptors - sympathetic

23
Q

Activation of M2 on heart SA node causes…

A

decrease in heart rate

24
Q

Activation of M2 on heart AV node causes …

A

Decrease conduction velocity
Induces AV node block (increases PR interval)

25
Q

activation of m3 receptors in resp system causes …

A

Produces mucus (airways and nasopharynx)
Induces smooth muscle contraction (bronchoconstriction)

26
Q

activation of m3 receptors in GI tract causes..

A

Increase saliva production
Increases gut motility
Stimulates biliary secretion

27
Q

activation of m3 receptors in skin causes

A

Only place where Sympathetic system releases ACh
Stimulation of M3 causes sweating

28
Q

Describe the movement of Ach at the synaptic cleft in cholinergic pharmacy

A

1- choline moves into pre synaptic neurone with na dependant channels
2- ach moves into a vesicles
3- action potential causes voltage gated calcium channels to allow ca2+ to enter the axon
4- ach is released and bind to post synaptic receptors
5- acetylcholinesterase breaks down ach into acetate and choline
6- choline is recycled

29
Q

Cholinergic crisis symptoms

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric upset
Emesis

30
Q

What is a cholinergic crisis

A

Build up of ach
Such as in myasthenia gravis , no longer a balance of communication

31
Q

Where can I find alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

A

All smooth muscle ,and organs relevant to sympathetic system

32
Q

Where can I find beta 1 receptors

A

Heart

33
Q

Where can I find alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors

A

Alpha 2- pre synaptic terminal of sympathetic neurons
Beta 2 -airways of smooth muscle

34
Q

Main role of alpha and beta 1 adrenergic receptors

A

To stimulate

35
Q

Main role of alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors

A

Inhibit

36
Q

Examples of what could happen when b1 receptors are stimulated

A

Tachycardia
Increase in stroke volume
Renin release
Lipolysis

37
Q

Beta 1 blockers will therefore…

A

Reduce heart rate
Reduce stroke volume
Reduce myocardial oxygen demand

38
Q

Example of drug that works on enzymes

A

Ace inhibitor

39
Q

The cholinergic muscarinic receptor location

A

M1-brain
M2-heart
M3- lungs

40
Q

Which condition is related to disrupted ach transmission at the nmj

A

Myasthenia gravis

41
Q

what is tamulosin and what is it used for

A

an alpha 1 blocker
1st line med for benign prostatic hyperplasia
relaxes the bladder neck so urine can flow easier

42
Q

who cant you give bets blockers to

A

patients with absolute asthma

43
Q

name 2 conditions where salbutamol may be prescribed

A

asthma
copd

PHARMACOLOGY (7 decks)

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