Cholinergic, adrenergic pharmacology Flashcards
where do nerves in the sympathetic nervous system originate
thoracic and lumbar regions
what is afferent
signals towards the brain/ spinal cord
where are the pre ganglionic nerves
lateral horn of spinal cord
T1-L2
what is adrenergic
relating to adrenaline or noradrenaline and their receptors
role of somatic ns
Connect the CNS with organs and striated muscle to perform our daily functions
role of the autonomic nervous system
Regulates involuntary physiological processes
differences between ganglion is sympathetic and parasympaethic ganglion
In the sympathetic system, the ganglion is within a chain adjacent to the spinal cord
In the parasympathetic system, the ganglion is within or very close to the effector organ
2 main neurotransmitters
ACH
noradrenaline
What occurs at the pre ganglionic nerve and what neurotransmitter and receptors esare involved
Ach acts on both nicotinic receptors
is ach pre or post ganglionic
preganglionic and post ganglionic
what does nicotine stimulate
sympathetic
parasympathetic
how many muscarinic receptors
5
role of the 5 types of muscarinnic receptors
m1- brain
m2 - heart
m3- all organs with paraysmpathetic innervation
m4- mainly cns
m5- mainly cns
what would you expect with muscarine poisoning
miosis ( shrinking of pupil) and blurred vision
diarrhoea
polyuria
what do pilocarpine eye drops do
they are m3 agonists
increases drainage of aqueous humour
reduces ocular pressure
treats acute
what does botulin do
prevents the release of ach
causes flaccis paralysis and death from respiratory muscle involvement
what is myasthenia gravis
Blockage of normal transmission of ACh leads to skeletal muscle weakness
can cause paralysis
what is the precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline
dopamine
describe the structure of the nervous system
split into central and peripheral ns
Central is split into spinal cord and brain
Peripheral = efferent + afferent
efferent - autonomic + somatic
autonomic = sympathetic, enteric + parasympathetic
afferent
what is efferent
carries signals away from the brain or spinal cord
In general what recetpr and what neurotransmitter is involved in preganglions
ach
on nicotinic receptors
in symp / para
In general what receptor and what neurotransmitter is involved in post ganglionic movements
ach on muscarinic receptors - parasympathetic
noradrenaline - alpha and beta receptors - sympathetic
Activation of M2 on heart SA node causes…
decrease in heart rate
Activation of M2 on heart AV node causes …
Decrease conduction velocity
Induces AV node block (increases PR interval)
activation of m3 receptors in resp system causes …
Produces mucus (airways and nasopharynx)
Induces smooth muscle contraction (bronchoconstriction)
activation of m3 receptors in GI tract causes..
Increase saliva production
Increases gut motility
Stimulates biliary secretion
activation of m3 receptors in skin causes
Only place where Sympathetic system releases ACh
Stimulation of M3 causes sweating
Describe the movement of Ach at the synaptic cleft in cholinergic pharmacy
1- choline moves into pre synaptic neurone with na dependant channels
2- ach moves into a vesicles
3- action potential causes voltage gated calcium channels to allow ca2+ to enter the axon
4- ach is released and bind to post synaptic receptors
5- acetylcholinesterase breaks down ach into acetate and choline
6- choline is recycled
Cholinergic crisis symptoms
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric upset
Emesis
What is a cholinergic crisis
Build up of ach
Such as in myasthenia gravis , no longer a balance of communication
Where can I find alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
All smooth muscle ,and organs relevant to sympathetic system
Where can I find beta 1 receptors
Heart
Where can I find alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors
Alpha 2- pre synaptic terminal of sympathetic neurons
Beta 2 -airways of smooth muscle
Main role of alpha and beta 1 adrenergic receptors
To stimulate
Main role of alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors
Inhibit
Examples of what could happen when b1 receptors are stimulated
Tachycardia
Increase in stroke volume
Renin release
Lipolysis
Beta 1 blockers will therefore…
Reduce heart rate
Reduce stroke volume
Reduce myocardial oxygen demand
Example of drug that works on enzymes
Ace inhibitor
The cholinergic muscarinic receptor location
M1-brain
M2-heart
M3- lungs
Which condition is related to disrupted ach transmission at the nmj
Myasthenia gravis
what is tamulosin and what is it used for
an alpha 1 blocker
1st line med for benign prostatic hyperplasia
relaxes the bladder neck so urine can flow easier
who cant you give bets blockers to
patients with absolute asthma
name 2 conditions where salbutamol may be prescribed
asthma
copd
