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PHARMACOLOGY > drug classes and examples > Flashcards

drug classes and examples Flashcards

1
Q

what are nsaids

A

non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

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2
Q

how do nsaids work

A

inhibit COX1 and 2 which prevents prostaglandin production

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3
Q

three types of nsaids

A

selective cox1 inhibitor
selective cox2 inhibitor
non selective inhibitor

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4
Q

some effects of cox1 inhibitors

A

decrease in thromboxane a2 production- less having an anti platelet effect

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5
Q

what does the cox enzyme do

A

catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin

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6
Q

examples of cox1 inhibitord

A

low dose aspirin
ketorolac

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7
Q

examples of non selective cox inhibitors

A

naproxen
ibuprofen
piroxican

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8
Q

examples of cox 2inhibitors

A

meloxicam
celecoxib

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9
Q

what do ace inhibitors do

A

inhibit the formation of ang2

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10
Q

examples of some ace inhibitors

A

ramapril
perindorpil

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11
Q

three types of diuretics

A

loop
thiazide
spironolactone

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12
Q

side effects of nsaids

A

stomach ulcers
indigestion
headaches
feeling bloated

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13
Q

Main role of diuretics

A

Reduce reabsorption of sodium
Hence lowering blood pressure

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14
Q

What do osmotic diuretics do

A

Increase solute conc within PCT and thick descending limb
Hence water will follow which will reduce plasma volume and thus decreasing blood pressure

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15
Q

Examples of osmotic diuretics

A

Mannitol
Glycerin
Isosorbide

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16
Q

What do loop diuretics do

A

Work on the thin ascending limb
Increase na+, cl, k h20 excretion
Prevents chloride from being absorbed
Long term prevent reabsorption of ca
Increase urine flow

17
Q

Example of a loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

18
Q

How do thiazide diuretics work

A

They inhibit the sodium chloride transporter which causes less reabsorption of na and cl BUT more excretion

Water follows na so there is a large volume of dilute urine

19
Q

Examples of thiazide dietetics

A

BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide

20
Q

what do anti platelet drugs do

A

decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation via inhibiting factor X

21
Q

some examples of common anti platelet drugs

A

apsirin
cox-1

22
Q

what do anti coagulants do

A

-enzyme inhibition
-binding to anti thrombin
- preventing synthesis in liver

23
Q

some examples of anti coagulants

A

heparin
warfarin- anti vitamin k

24
Q

how do protein pump inhibitors work

A

block gastric acid secretion by irreversibly binding to and inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump

25
Q

steroid side effects

A

cataracts, ulcers, HT, MYOPATHY

26
Q

First line treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin
Beta blockers

27
Q

Treatment for cardiogenic shock

A

Dobutamine

28
Q

Indications for anti coagulants

A

Dvt
Atrial fibrillation
Prosthetic valves
Bleeding disorders

29
Q

Common anti coagulants

A

Doacs
Warfarin
Lmwh- low molecular weight heparin

30
Q

What does warfarin inhibit

A

Vit k

31
Q

Common types of nsaids

A

Ibuprofen
Naproxen

32
Q

Main se of nsaids

A

Gastric ulcers

33
Q

which type of diuretic would competitively bind to aldosterone receptors in the distal tubules of kindye

A

spironolactone

34
Q

mechanism of spironalactones?

A

They bind competitively to aldosterone receptors in the DCT, preventing aldosterone from binding and thus reducing water and sodium reabsorption

35
Q

what is the mechanism of action of alendronic acid for osteoporosis patients

A

inhibit osteoclastic activity to decrease bone resorption, which reduces bone turnover and improves bone mass

36
Q

what is the mechanism of rivaroxaban

A

directly inhibits activated clotting factor X to prevent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

37
Q

medication used for TB than can cause blood in urine

A

rifampicin

38
Q

a common example of a ddp4 inhibitor

A

sitagliptin

39
Q

which anti-emetic is contraindicated in a patient with parkinson’s disease

A

metoclopramide

PHARMACOLOGY (7 decks)

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