drug classes and examples Flashcards
what are nsaids
non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs
how do nsaids work
inhibit COX1 and 2 which prevents prostaglandin production
three types of nsaids
selective cox1 inhibitor
selective cox2 inhibitor
non selective inhibitor
some effects of cox1 inhibitors
decrease in thromboxane a2 production- less having an anti platelet effect
what does the cox enzyme do
catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin
examples of cox1 inhibitord
low dose aspirin
ketorolac
examples of non selective cox inhibitors
naproxen
ibuprofen
piroxican
examples of cox 2inhibitors
meloxicam
celecoxib
what do ace inhibitors do
inhibit the formation of ang2
examples of some ace inhibitors
ramapril
perindorpil
three types of diuretics
loop
thiazide
spironolactone
side effects of nsaids
stomach ulcers
indigestion
headaches
feeling bloated
Main role of diuretics
Reduce reabsorption of sodium
Hence lowering blood pressure
What do osmotic diuretics do
Increase solute conc within PCT and thick descending limb
Hence water will follow which will reduce plasma volume and thus decreasing blood pressure
Examples of osmotic diuretics
Mannitol
Glycerin
Isosorbide
What do loop diuretics do
Work on the thin ascending limb
Increase na+, cl, k h20 excretion
Prevents chloride from being absorbed
Long term prevent reabsorption of ca
Increase urine flow
Example of a loop diuretic
Furosemide
How do thiazide diuretics work
They inhibit the sodium chloride transporter which causes less reabsorption of na and cl BUT more excretion
Water follows na so there is a large volume of dilute urine
Examples of thiazide dietetics
BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
what do anti platelet drugs do
decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation via inhibiting factor X
some examples of common anti platelet drugs
apsirin
cox-1
what do anti coagulants do
-enzyme inhibition
-binding to anti thrombin
- preventing synthesis in liver
some examples of anti coagulants
heparin
warfarin- anti vitamin k
how do protein pump inhibitors work
block gastric acid secretion by irreversibly binding to and inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump
steroid side effects
cataracts, ulcers, HT, MYOPATHY
First line treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Tamsulosin
Beta blockers
Treatment for cardiogenic shock
Dobutamine
Indications for anti coagulants
Dvt
Atrial fibrillation
Prosthetic valves
Bleeding disorders
Common anti coagulants
Doacs
Warfarin
Lmwh- low molecular weight heparin
What does warfarin inhibit
Vit k
Common types of nsaids
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Main se of nsaids
Gastric ulcers
which type of diuretic would competitively bind to aldosterone receptors in the distal tubules of kindye
spironolactone
mechanism of spironalactones?
They bind competitively to aldosterone receptors in the DCT, preventing aldosterone from binding and thus reducing water and sodium reabsorption
what is the mechanism of action of alendronic acid for osteoporosis patients
inhibit osteoclastic activity to decrease bone resorption, which reduces bone turnover and improves bone mass
what is the mechanism of rivaroxaban
directly inhibits activated clotting factor X to prevent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
medication used for TB than can cause blood in urine
rifampicin
a common example of a ddp4 inhibitor
sitagliptin
which anti-emetic is contraindicated in a patient with parkinson’s disease
metoclopramide
