adverse drug reactions Flashcards
why should we study adverse drug reactions
- affects QOL
-increase cost of patient care - may mimic disease
- common cause of death
what is an adverse drug reaction
Unwanted or harmful reaction following administration of a drug or combination of drugs under normal conditions of use and is suspected to be related to the drug.
difference between side effect and adr
adr - not beneficial
side effect- some may be beneficial
types of effects of adr
toxic effect
collateral effects
hyper- susceptibility effects
example of a collateral effect
beta blockers causing bronchoconstriction
example of hypersuspectibility reaction
if you are allergic to peniccilin you may have anapylaxis
mild symtpoms of adr
nausea, drowsiness, itching, rash
severe symptoms of adrs
respirtaoty depression, neutropenia, catastrophic haemorrhage
patient risk factors for adr
Gender (F>M)
Elderly
Neonates
Polypharmacy (21% 5 or more drugs)
Genetic predisposition
Hypersensitivity/allergies
Hepatic/renal impairment
Adherence problems
drug risk effect of adrs
Steep dose-response curve
Low therapeutic index
Commonly causes ADR’s
causes for adrs
-Pharmaceutical variation
-Receptor abnormality
-Abnormal biological system unmasked by drug
-Abnormalities in drug metabolism
-Immunological
-Drug-drug interactions
-Multifactorial
what is a type a adr
AUGMENTED PHARMACOLOGICAL
predictable, dose dependent, common (morphine and constipation, hypotension and antihypertensive)
80% all ADRs
example of adr with regards to time
-rapid reactions
- first dose reactions
- early reactions
- intermediate reactions
-late reactions
- delayed reaction
what is type b adr
bizzare
not predictable, not dose dependant
irreversible
what is type c adr
chronic
osteoporosis and steroids- long term use
