Intro to PH Flashcards
Note Lecture Objectives:
1) recognize the differences between public health and clinical medicine
2) identify the effect that public health measures have made on life expectancy in the US
3) explain the effect public health has had on the types of disease affecting US citizens
4) identify the 3 core functions of public health
5) recognize the key elements of the US public health infrastructure
6) understand the relationship between federal, state, and local public health agencies
What is public health according the the first chair of department of public health at Yale?
science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals
What is the focus of PH vs clinical medicine?
communities vs individual
What is the emphasis of PH vs clinical medicine?
prevention of disease/promotion of healthy behavior vs diagnosis and tx of disease
What are the interventions of PH vs clinical medicine?
organizationally developed and delivered vs personally developed and delivered
Clinical medicine is…
obvious and discrete
Public health is…
invisible and ubiquitous
Clean air act 1970
regulated industrial air pollution
FDA and USDA regulate
food safety
Early efforts in public health:
Hippocrates 4th century BC thought of avoiding disease by moving away from where people are sick
Rome public health efforts:
sewers and running water 100 AD
Who is the father of epidemiology?
John Snow- conducted the 1st outbreak investigation in London 1854; cholera from water transmission at Broad Street pump
Define epidemiology:
the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health
How many of the top 10 causes of death were related to infectious disease in 1900?
4; top 3 are related to infectious disease
How many of the top 10 causes of death were related to infectious disease in 2010?
1; infectious disease accounted for 2.2% of deaths
What is the shift of public health focus?
from infectious disease to chronic noninfectious disease
What are examples of non-infectious airway diseases?
emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis; often attributed to smoking and pollution
What are the top 2 causes of 2010 deaths?
heart disease and cancer
What is the most common cancer?
lung
Where did COVID fall for cause of death in 2020?
3rd; will likely be 2nd in 2021
How has COVID infection changed over the past few months?
It occurs in a cyclical nature with peaks before vaccination and then with new variants
What is the average life expectancy for people born in 1997?
76 years
How has public health affected life expectancy?
25 years have been gained since 1900 from advances in public health (mostly improvements in infant mortality)
What is the #1 greatest public health achievement?
control of infectious diseases via clean water and better sanitation as well as antimicrobial therapy