Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Public Health > Health Care Delivery > Flashcards

Health Care Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

Lecture Objectives

A

1) Understand the organization and types of health care services and providers
2) compare and contrast US health care system with different international models
3) discuss the basic economics US health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is health defined?

A

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is health care defined?

A

the maintaining and restoration of health by the treatment and prevention of disease especially by trained and licensed professionals (as in medicine, dentistry, clinical psychology, and public health)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is health services defined?

A

all services dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disease or the promotion, maintenance and restoration of health. They include personal and non-personal health services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is McGriff’s definition of health services?

A

specific activities undertaken to restore, maintain or improve health or to prevent decrements of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Health care provider

A

individual or institution; preventive, curative or rehabilitative health care services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hospitals

A

private or government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are two types of private hospitals?

A

for-profit and non-profit (70% of market)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are federal government hospitals?

A

VA, Indian health service, military

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the VA work?

A

not open to general public, free for service-related conditions, re-organized in 1995, capitation model, more efficient and effective than Medicare fee-for-service, largest integrated system in the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the IHS work?

A

federally funded, founded in 1955 under HHS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are modes of practice?

A

private (solo or group), direct employment (for-profit or non-profit), government (military, VA, IHS, State and local community health center or public health department) also industry, research, consulting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 3 primary types of health care services?

A

preventative health care, curative health care, home and community care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preventative care primary

A

stop initiation of disease, most public-health efforts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Preventative care secondary

A

early diagnosis of disease, screening programs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Preventative care tertiary

A

controlling the impact of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Curative care primary

A

initial approach to a PCP for treatment, ambulatory care, early detection and routine care, 80-90% of provider visits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AAFP

A

Primary care is that care provided by physicians specifically trained for and skilled in comprehensive first contact and continuing care for persons with any undiagnosed sign, symptom, or health concern not limited by problem origin, organ system or diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Curative secondary

A

provided by specialist who generally don’t have first contact with patients; includes acute care (emergency, childbirth, intensive care, medical imaging services)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Curative tertiary

A

specialized consultative health care, usually for inpatient and on referral from primary or secondary health professional (rare complex disorder, technical services, St. Jude, UT, Methodist Transplant institute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is home and community care?

A

health care interventions delivered outside of health facilities; rehabilitation and long-term care

22
Q

What is aging in place?

A

keeping elderly or disabled patients in their community but providing things like home health aide, adult day care, meals on wheels

23
Q

What are four major health care system models worldwide?

A

single payer national health service, single payer national health insurance, social insurance model, out of pocket

24
Q

Single payer national health service

A

UK/National Health Service/Beveridge model; government is single payer and provider; government owns hospitals and clinics, universal participation, gatekeeper model with only some private providers

25
Q

How can a government be single payer and provider?

A

funded through taxes, universal participation with no out of pocket costs

26
Q

Single payer national health insurance

A

Canada/Taiwan/South Korea government is single payer, government sets cost, private providers, universal participation

27
Q

Explain the governments role in single payer health insurance

A

government pays with taxes and some out of pocket costs; government sets costs and limits procedures performed, requires waiting period for procedures, gatekeeper model; differs from province to province on coverage, scope of practice etc

28
Q

Social insurance model

A

Germany/Japan/France/Belgium/Netherlands/Switzerland/Bismark model; government plays central role in setting costs, private insurance companies cover basic services as non-profit; private providers, universal participation

29
Q

Out of pocket model

A

Costa Rica/Colombia/Iraq/India; no widespread public or private system of health insurance, private providers, access to care is determined by ability to pay, common in developing countries, most expensive form of healthcare

30
Q

What is the most expensive model of health care?

A

out of pocket model, common in developing countries

31
Q

What model is US Healthcare?

A

a combination of all four models

32
Q

What is 49% of US Healthcare model?

A

Social insurance: BCBS, UHC, VSP; individuals and employers pay for insurance coverage, priavte providers, can be for-profit, set fees based on medicare rates

33
Q

What is 37% of US Healthcare model?

A

National Health Insurance: Medicare, Medicaid; government pays, private providers, medicare signed into law by President Johnson 1965

34
Q

What is 9% of US Healthcare model?

A

Out of pocket: uninsured and underinsured; individuals pay, generally most expensive

35
Q

What is 5% of US Healthcare model?

A

National Health Service: VA, Military, IHS, Federal prison; government pays and government providers

36
Q

How do ODs get paid?

A

25% direct pay, 19% VSP, 18% government, 15% private medical insurance, 13% self-directed vision plans, 3% other

37
Q

Strengths of US system

A

technologically advanced, responsive, access

38
Q

Weaknesses of US system

A

cost, coverage, outcomes

39
Q

Bad news about healthcare in US

A

39th infant mortality, 43rd adult female mortality, 42nd adult male mortality, 36th life expectancy aka poor value for our $ (more examples in slide 19 notes)

40
Q

Good news about healthcare in US

A

mortality is down, life expectancy is up

41
Q

US Health economics and financing

A

highest per capita costs in the world, far exceeds other similarly developed countries

42
Q

How much is spent per year?

A

4 trillion

43
Q

What percent of the GDP is health financing?

A

19.7% highest percent GDP in the world

44
Q

How much does each person spend per year?

A

$12,000 per person per year in 2020, highest per capita in the world (next closest to us is Switzerland 12.2% GDP and $7000)

45
Q

T/F US Public expenditures are the same as other similarly developed countries, yet we are the only developed country that doesn’t guarantee health care for all citizens

A

true, public expenditure is similar to other countries but private expenditures put us over the top by far

46
Q

What is driving health care spending?

A

chronic disease, technology, prescription drugs, utilization, administrative costs, provider salaries, prices are set high

47
Q

What % of spending is public health?

A

3%

48
Q

What % of spending is “other” health care?

A

5% , includes PT, OD, podiatry and chiropractic

49
Q

Cost Control measures

A

utilization controls, EHR, evidence-based medicine recommendations, reward prevention that costs less than the treatment for the disease, control fees and provider incomes, decrease the price of drugs and products, increase taxes dedicated to health care, increase public health funding

50
Q

How does public health save money?

A

$1 spent on prevention saves $5.60 in health spending

51
Q

T/F doctors and other health care providers are paid very well in the US relative to other countries

A

true, one potential way to address the rising costs of health care is by decreasing payments to providers and lowering compensation expectations

52
Q

Average annual salary for optometrists in 2018

A

$119,000 US vs $64,563 in Canada

Public Health (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions