Health Behavior Theory Flashcards
Lecture objectives
1) review the different health and illness behavior categories and their relation to public health (prevention) and clinical medicine 2) understand the assumptions and limitations of the KAB model of changing human behavior 3) understand the precepts behind the social ecology of health model, its various levels, and the advantages of multi-level model public health campaigns 4) understand the details, assumptions, constructions, pros and cons of the self regulatory model, the health belief model, the stages of change model, social support theory, the diffusion of innovation theory, community based participatory research, and social marketing
Public health focus
prevention of disease and disability
Clinical medicine focus
treatment of health conditions after they occur
Health behavior
actions taken in the absence of observable disease, corresponds loosely to primary prevention; activities that forestall the development of pathological conditions
Optometric health behavior
wearing sunglasses to provide UV radiation protection to ocular structures
Illness behavior
action taken to prevent full development of disease or receive treatment allowing disease to be controlled; corresponds loosely to secondary prevention; focuses on detection of disease at an early stage
Optometric illness behavior
making an appointment because of an acute red eye
Sick-role behavior
action taken to intervene at later stages of disease, considered disease management behavior; corresponds loosely to tertiary prevention; focuses on the response taken to a diagnosed condition
Optometric sick-role behavior
taking medication for glaucoma
What is KAB?
knowledge, attitude, behavior
What is the basic KAB model of changing human behavior?
changing knowledge leads to a change in attitude and to desired change in behavior
What is a critique of the KAB model?
simplistic, inadequate, incomplete and inaccurate paradigm
How many levels does the social ecology of health model have?
5: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, societal
Which levels of the social ecology of health model promote individual change?
1 and 2 intrapersonal and interpersonal
What is intrapersonal?
theories that explain individual health behavior and health behavior change by focusing on the individual; KAB; genetics, biological, psychological
How many intrapersonal models are there?
4: self regulatory, health belief, stages of change (transtheoretical) and theory of planned behavior
What is the self regulatory model?
concerned with ways individuals monitor their behavior and its consequences to regulate their actions to achieve health goals aka common sense model
What is the common sense model?
aka self regulatory; people react to health threats in common sense ways
What are 2 parts of the self regulatory model?
develop models and ideas about the threat and generate goals for managing the problem/achieving targets and criteria for assessing effectiveness of their actions regarding the health threat
What is the health belief model?
assumptions underlying a particular goal; behavior depends on how likely it is that a person perceives a goal can be achieved and behavior depends on how important a person considers a goal
What are constructs in the health belief model?
perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy
Which health belief model constructs pertain to how likely/how important?
perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers
Which health belief model constructs are later constructs?
cue to action and self-efficacy
What is perceived susceptibility?
one’s belief regarding the chance of getting a condition
What is perceived severity?
one’s belief regarding how serious a condition and the condition’s consequences actually are
What is perceived benefis?
one’s belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce the risk or the seriousness of the condition
What is perceived barriers?
one’s belief regarding the tangible costs and psychological costs of the advised action
What is cue to action?
a stimulus, impetus or tipping point to spur behavior
What is self-efficacy?
one’s belief in his/her ability to perform a particular task
What is the stages of change/transtheoretical model?
stage model of behavior change; principle: people usually do not make abrupt changes in their health behaviors; useful in addictive behaviors
What are the stages of the stages of change model?
precontemplation, contempation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse, termination
What is precontemplation?
not thinking about change
What is contemplation?
thinking about change
What is preparation?
preparing to change
What is action?
initiating change
What is maintenance?
reaching a regular performance
What is relapse?
abandoning change
What is termination
change complete
What is the theory of planned behavior constructs?
attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control
What do attitude towards the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control lead to?
Intention and behavior
What are interpersonal-level individual models?
theories that explain individual health behavior and health behavior change by focusing on the individual’s social environment and human relationships; home, family, peer group
