Health Behavior Theory

Question 1

Lecture objectives

Answer 1

1) review the different health and illness behavior categories and their relation to public health (prevention) and clinical medicine 2) understand the assumptions and limitations of the KAB model of changing human behavior 3) understand the precepts behind the social ecology of health model, its various levels, and the advantages of multi-level model public health campaigns 4) understand the details, assumptions, constructions, pros and cons of the self regulatory model, the health belief model, the stages of change model, social support theory, the diffusion of innovation theory, community based participatory research, and social marketing

Question 2

Public health focus

Answer 2

prevention of disease and disability

Question 3

Clinical medicine focus

Answer 3

treatment of health conditions after they occur

Question 4

Health behavior

Answer 4

actions taken in the absence of observable disease, corresponds loosely to primary prevention; activities that forestall the development of pathological conditions

Question 5

Optometric health behavior

Answer 5

wearing sunglasses to provide UV radiation protection to ocular structures

Question 6

Illness behavior

Answer 6

action taken to prevent full development of disease or receive treatment allowing disease to be controlled; corresponds loosely to secondary prevention; focuses on detection of disease at an early stage

Question 7

Optometric illness behavior

Answer 7

making an appointment because of an acute red eye

Question 8

Sick-role behavior

Answer 8

action taken to intervene at later stages of disease, considered disease management behavior; corresponds loosely to tertiary prevention; focuses on the response taken to a diagnosed condition

Question 9

Optometric sick-role behavior

Answer 9

taking medication for glaucoma

Question 10

What is KAB?

Answer 10

knowledge, attitude, behavior

Question 11

What is the basic KAB model of changing human behavior?

Answer 11

changing knowledge leads to a change in attitude and to desired change in behavior

Question 12

What is a critique of the KAB model?

Answer 12

simplistic, inadequate, incomplete and inaccurate paradigm

Question 13

How many levels does the social ecology of health model have?

Answer 13

5: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, societal

Question 14

Which levels of the social ecology of health model promote individual change?

Answer 14

1 and 2 intrapersonal and interpersonal

Question 15

What is intrapersonal?

Answer 15

theories that explain individual health behavior and health behavior change by focusing on the individual; KAB; genetics, biological, psychological

Question 16

How many intrapersonal models are there?

Answer 16

4: self regulatory, health belief, stages of change (transtheoretical) and theory of planned behavior

Question 17

What is the self regulatory model?

Answer 17

concerned with ways individuals monitor their behavior and its consequences to regulate their actions to achieve health goals aka common sense model

Question 18

What is the common sense model?

Answer 18

aka self regulatory; people react to health threats in common sense ways

Question 19

What are 2 parts of the self regulatory model?

Answer 19

develop models and ideas about the threat and generate goals for managing the problem/achieving targets and criteria for assessing effectiveness of their actions regarding the health threat

Question 20

What is the health belief model?

Answer 20

assumptions underlying a particular goal; behavior depends on how likely it is that a person perceives a goal can be achieved and behavior depends on how important a person considers a goal

Question 21

What are constructs in the health belief model?

Answer 21

perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy

Question 22

Which health belief model constructs pertain to how likely/how important?

Answer 22

perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers

Question 23

Which health belief model constructs are later constructs?

Answer 23

cue to action and self-efficacy

Question 24

What is perceived susceptibility?

Answer 24

one’s belief regarding the chance of getting a condition

Question 25

What is perceived severity?

Answer 25

one’s belief regarding how serious a condition and the condition’s consequences actually are

Question 26

What is perceived benefis?

Answer 26

one’s belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce the risk or the seriousness of the condition

Question 27

What is perceived barriers?

Answer 27

one’s belief regarding the tangible costs and psychological costs of the advised action

Question 28

What is cue to action?

Answer 28

a stimulus, impetus or tipping point to spur behavior

Question 29

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 29

one’s belief in his/her ability to perform a particular task

Question 30

What is the stages of change/transtheoretical model?

Answer 30

stage model of behavior change; principle: people usually do not make abrupt changes in their health behaviors; useful in addictive behaviors

Question 31

What are the stages of the stages of change model?

Answer 31

precontemplation, contempation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse, termination

Question 32

What is precontemplation?

Answer 32

not thinking about change

Question 33

What is contemplation?

Answer 33

thinking about change

Question 34

What is preparation?

Answer 34

preparing to change

Question 35

What is action?

Answer 35

initiating change

Question 36

What is maintenance?

Answer 36

reaching a regular performance

Question 37

What is relapse?

Answer 37

abandoning change

Question 38

What is termination

Answer 38

change complete

Question 39

What is the theory of planned behavior constructs?

Answer 39

attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control

Question 40

What do attitude towards the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control lead to?

Answer 40

Intention and behavior

Question 41

What are interpersonal-level individual models?

Answer 41

theories that explain individual health behavior and health behavior change by focusing on the individual’s social environment and human relationships; home, family, peer group