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Anatomy: Block 4- Pelvis and Lower Extremity > Intro. to Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Intro. to Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

What runs through the anterior sacral foramina?

A

Ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves and blood vessesls

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3
Q

In what portion of the os coxae does the head of the femur articulate?

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

What bony feature is between the superior and inferior pubic rami?

A

Obturator foramen

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5
Q

What runs though the posterior sacral foramina?

A

Dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves

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6
Q

In which sex is the infrapubic angle much narrower/smaller?

A

Males

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7
Q

Which sex has a broader span between the two iliac bones?

A

Females

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8
Q

What pelvic shape is most common in women?

A

Gynecoid

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9
Q

What is the anatomical conjugate of the pelvis?

A

From the top of the pubic symphysis to the promontory of the sacrum

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10
Q

What is the true (obstetric) conjugate?

A

From the middle portion of the pubic symphysis to promontory at sacrum

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11
Q

What is the shortest fixed distance of the pelvis?

A

Obstetric conjugate

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12
Q

What is the diagonal conjugate?

A

From the bottom of the pubic symphysis to the promontory of the sacrum.

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13
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilagenous

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14
Q

What type of joint is between the bodies of L5 and S1?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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15
Q

To what structures does the sacrotuberous ligament connect?

A

Sacrum to ischial tuberosities

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16
Q

To what structures does the sacrospinous ligament connect?

A

Sacrum to ischial spine

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17
Q

What ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

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18
Q

To what does the superior pubic ligament attach?

A

Superior aspects of pubic bodies and interpubic disc,

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19
Q

What does the inferior pubic ligament attach to?

A

Between the two inferior ischiopubic rami

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20
Q

What forms the apex of the pubic arch on the inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis?

A

Inferior pubic ligament

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21
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the iliacus m.?

A

Superior ⅔ of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

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22
Q

What is the distal attachment of the iliacus m.?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, and to psoas major tendon

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23
Q

What innervates the iliacus m.?

A

Femoral n.

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24
Q

What is the main action of the iliacus?

A

Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint

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25
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the obturator internus?

A

Pelvic surfaces of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

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26
Q

What is the distal attachment of the obturator internus m.?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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27
Q

What innervates the obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus

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28
Q

What is the main action of the obturator internus?

A

Rotates the thigh laterally; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

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29
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the piriformis m?

A

Pelvic surface of S2-4 segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

30
Q

What is the distal attachment of the piriformis m?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

31
Q

What innervates the piriformis m.?

A

Branches of S1, S2 spinal nn.

32
Q

What is the main action of the piriformis m.?

A

Rotates thigh laterally, adducts thigh; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

33
Q

What m. courses through lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Obturator internus m.

34
Q

What muscle courses through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Piriformis m.

35
Q

What is the proxial attachment of the coccygeus m?

A

Ischial spine

36
Q

What is the distal attachment of the coccygeus m.?

A

Inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

37
Q

What innervates the coccygeus m?

A

Branches of S4, S5 spinal nerves

38
Q

What are the muscles that makes up the levator ani m?

A

Puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

39
Q

How many openings are in the female pelvic disphragm? The male?

40
Q

The tendineus arcus is a thickening of what fascial layer?

A

Obturator internus fascia

41
Q

What muscle wraps around the rectum and is in a tonic state of contraction?

A

Puborectalis

42
Q

What fascia lines muscles forming walls and floor of pelvis?

43
Q

What fascia directly ensheathes the pelvic organs?

44
Q

What fascial layer is between the visceral and parietal fascia?

A

Endopelvic

45
Q

The cervical ligaments are formed from thickenings from what fascial layer?

A

Endopelvic fascia

46
Q

What ligament extends from the pubis to the cervix?

A

Pubocervical ligament

47
Q

What ligament extends from the cervix to the sacrum?

A

Uterosacral ligament

48
Q

What ligament extends from the cervix to the pelvic wall?

A

Transverse cervical ligament?

49
Q

What are the boundaries of the anal triangle?

A

Superior- Pelvic Diaphragm; Lateral- Obturator internus m. w/fascia; Medial- External anal sphincter m. and sloping pelvic diaphragm; Anterior- Imaginary line btw ischial tuberosities; Posterior- Sacrotuberous ligament and gluteus maximus m.

50
Q

What are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?

A

Line between the ischial tuberosities are the pubic symphysis

51
Q

What is contained in Alcock’s canal?

A

Pudendal n, internal pudendal a. and v.

52
Q

What forms the roof of the superficial perineal pouch and floor of the deep perineal pouch?

A

Perineal membrane

53
Q

What is the path of the pudendal n. to the UG triangle?

A

Goes out through the greater sciatic foramen, wraps around the sacrospinous ligament, travels back into the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen, travels through Alcock’s canal

54
Q

What part of the bladder is the location of the internal urinary sphincter?

A

Uvula of bladder

55
Q

What nerve supplies motor innervation to muscles of both superficial and deep perineal pouches?

A

Perineal n.

56
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the external anal sphincter m.?

A

Inferior rectal n

57
Q

To which lymphnodes do lymphatics drain from above and below the pectinate line?

A

Above- pararectal lymph nodes–> lumbar nodes; Inferior- superficial inguinal nodes

58
Q

What is the venous drainage above and below the pectinate line? Of which venous systems are they?

A

Above- superior rectal v. (portal system); below- inferior rectal v. (systemic)

59
Q

What is the arterial supply above and below the pectinate line?

A

Above- superior rectal a.; below- inferior rectal a.

60
Q

What are the recesses of the anal canal superior to the valves that contain mucous glands?

A

Anal sinuses

61
Q

What are the branches of the anterior division of internal iliac a.?

A

Umbilical- superior vesical, obturator, middle rectal, inferior vesical, internal pudendal, inferior gluteal, (uterine in females)

62
Q

What is the largest branch of the internal iliac a.?

A

Superior gluteal a.

63
Q

What are the contents of the inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus)?

A

Hypogastric nn., lower 2 lumbar splanchnics, pelvic splanchnic nn., sacral splanchnic nn.

64
Q

What are the functions of parasympathetic innervation in the pelvis?

A

Contraction of detrusor m., erection

65
Q

What are the functions of synpathetic innervation in the pelvis?

A

Contract internal urethral sphincter m., contract internal anal sphincter m., ejaculation

66
Q

What are the branches of the internal pudendal a.?

A

Inferior rectal, perineal, posterior scrotal branches, a. of the bulb of the penis, urethral a., deep a. of penis, dorsal a. of penis

67
Q

What vessel courses between the lumbosacral trunk and S1 ventral ramus?

A

Superior gluteal a.

68
Q

What are the branches of the posterior division of internal iliac a.?

A

Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal

69
Q

What portion of the anal canal is surrounded by the external anal sphincter?

A

Inferior 2/3

70
Q

What is the fatty layer of superficial perineal fascia in the UG triangle?

A

Camper’s fascia

71
Q

Of which layer of abdominal fascia is Colles’ fascia a continuation?

A

Scarpa’s

Anatomy: Block 4- Pelvis and Lower Extremity (6 decks)

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