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Anatomy: Block 4- Pelvis and Lower Extremity > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Hinge joint

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2
Q

What structures make up the ankle joint?

A

Distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia, lateral malleolus of the fibula, and the talus bone

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3
Q

What is the most commonly sprained joint?

A

Ankle joint

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4
Q

What are the tarsal bones?

A

Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms, and cuboid

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5
Q

What is the bony projection on the medial side of the calcaneus bone which forms a groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon?

A

Sustentaculum tali

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6
Q

What is the small trochlea on the lateral aspect of calcaneus bone that forms a place for peroneus longus and brevs tendonds to run?

A

Peroneal trochlea

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7
Q

What is the distal attachement of the fibularis brevis m.?

A

Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

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8
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibularis tertius m?

A

Base of the 5th metatarsal

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9
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus m.?

A

Distal phalanx

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10
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallucis brevis m.?

A

Proximal phalanx

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11
Q

Tibialis anterior and posterior mm. both have distal attachments where?

A

Cuneiform bone

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12
Q

Do any of the anterior muscles of the leg move the knee joint?

A

No

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13
Q

Do any muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg cross the knee joint?

A

No

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14
Q

What intrinsic muscles of the foot are found on the dorsum?

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis and Extensor Digitorum Brevis mm.

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15
Q

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis mm.?

A

Extension of the toes

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16
Q

What innervates the extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis mm.?

A

Deep fibular n.

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17
Q

What innervates most of the skin on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial fibular n.

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18
Q

What innervates abductor hallucis m.?

A

Medial plantar n.

19
Q

What innervates abductor digiti minimi m.?

A

Lateral plantar n.

20
Q

What innervates flexor digitorum brevis m.?

A

Medial plantar n.

21
Q

What innervates quadratus plantae m.?

A

Lateral plantar n.

22
Q

What is the action of quadratus plantae m.?

A

Contraction of this muscle pulls the tendon of the FDL in a straight line so that toes are flexed straight

23
Q

What innervates the lumbricals?

A

1st lumbrical by medial plantar n.; 2-4 by lateral plantar n.

24
Q

What innervates flexor hallucis brevis m.?

A

Medial plantar n.

25
Q

Flexor digiti minimi is innervated by what?

A

Lateral plantar n.

26
Q

Adductor hallucis m. is innervated by what?

A

Lateral plantar n.

27
Q

What is the function of the plantar interossei mm.?

A

Adducts toes

28
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei mm.?

A

Abducts toes

29
Q

What innervates the dorsal and plantar interosseous mm.?

A

Lateral plantar mm.

30
Q

What is the dermatome of the groin?

31
Q

What dermatome is the anterior aspect of the ankle?

32
Q

What are the three major branches of the anterior tibial a.?

A

Anterior medial malleolar a., Anterior lateral malleolar a., dorsalis pedis a.

33
Q

What are the branches of the dorsalis pedis a.?

A

Lateral tarsal a., medial tarsal a., arcuate a., 1st dorsal metatarsal a., deep plantar a.

34
Q

What are the branches of the posterior tibial a.?

A

Medial malleolar, medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar, fibular aa.

35
Q

Which arteries contribute to the deep plantar arch?

A

Medial and lateral plantar aa.

36
Q

What are the subdivisions of the fibular a.?

A

Perforating, lateral malleolar, lateral calcaneal a.

37
Q

What is the anatomical name for the ankle joint?

A

Talocrural joint

38
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint? To what do they all attach?

A

Anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular ligaments; all attac to the lateral malleolus of the fibula

39
Q

What are the parts of the medial ligament of the ankle joint? To what do they all attach?

A

Tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar parts; medial malleolus of the tibia

40
Q

What kind of ankle sprain is most common? What ligaments does it affect?

A

Inversion sprain affecting lateral ligaments

41
Q

What kind of sprain affects the medial ligament of the ankle?

A

Eversion sprains

42
Q

What is a Pott’s fracture?

A

When the medial malleolus of the tibia is fractured by eversion of the medial ligaments

43
Q

If the foot is permanently dorsiflexed and everted, which nerve might be damaged?

Anatomy: Block 4- Pelvis and Lower Extremity (6 decks)

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