Foot and Ankle

Question 1

What kind of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 1

Hinge joint

Question 2

What structures make up the ankle joint?

Answer 2

Distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia, lateral malleolus of the fibula, and the talus bone

Question 3

What is the most commonly sprained joint?

Answer 3

Ankle joint

Question 4

What are the tarsal bones?

Answer 4

Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, 1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiforms, and cuboid

Question 5

What is the bony projection on the medial side of the calcaneus bone which forms a groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon?

Answer 5

Sustentaculum tali

Question 6

What is the small trochlea on the lateral aspect of calcaneus bone that forms a place for peroneus longus and brevs tendonds to run?

Answer 6

Peroneal trochlea

Question 7

What is the distal attachement of the fibularis brevis m.?

Answer 7

Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

Question 8

What is the distal attachment of the fibularis tertius m?

Answer 8

Base of the 5th metatarsal

Question 9

What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus m.?

Answer 9

Distal phalanx

Question 10

What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallucis brevis m.?

Answer 10

Proximal phalanx

Question 11

Tibialis anterior and posterior mm. both have distal attachments where?

Answer 11

Cuneiform bone

Question 12

Do any of the anterior muscles of the leg move the knee joint?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Do any muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg cross the knee joint?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What intrinsic muscles of the foot are found on the dorsum?

Answer 14

Extensor Hallucis Brevis and Extensor Digitorum Brevis mm.

Question 15

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis mm.?

Answer 15

Extension of the toes

Question 16

What innervates the extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis mm.?

Answer 16

Deep fibular n.

Question 17

What innervates most of the skin on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 17

Superficial fibular n.

Question 18

What innervates abductor hallucis m.?

Answer 18

Medial plantar n.

Question 19

What innervates abductor digiti minimi m.?

Answer 19

Lateral plantar n.

Question 20

What innervates flexor digitorum brevis m.?

Answer 20

Medial plantar n.

Question 21

What innervates quadratus plantae m.?

Answer 21

Lateral plantar n.

Question 22

What is the action of quadratus plantae m.?

Answer 22

Contraction of this muscle pulls the tendon of the FDL in a straight line so that toes are flexed straight

Question 23

What innervates the lumbricals?

Answer 23

1st lumbrical by medial plantar n.; 2-4 by lateral plantar n.

Question 24

What innervates flexor hallucis brevis m.?

Answer 24

Medial plantar n.

Question 25

Flexor digiti minimi is innervated by what?

Answer 25

Lateral plantar n.

Question 26

Adductor hallucis m. is innervated by what?

Answer 26

Lateral plantar n.

Question 27

What is the function of the plantar interossei mm.?

Answer 27

Adducts toes

Question 28

What is the function of the dorsal interossei mm.?

Answer 28

Abducts toes

Question 29

What innervates the dorsal and plantar interosseous mm.?

Answer 29

Lateral plantar mm.

Question 30

What is the dermatome of the groin?

Answer 30

L1

Question 31

What dermatome is the anterior aspect of the ankle?

Answer 31

L4-L5

Question 32

What are the three major branches of the anterior tibial a.?

Answer 32

Anterior medial malleolar a., Anterior lateral malleolar a., dorsalis pedis a.

Question 33

What are the branches of the dorsalis pedis a.?

Answer 33

Lateral tarsal a., medial tarsal a., arcuate a., 1st dorsal metatarsal a., deep plantar a.

Question 34

What are the branches of the posterior tibial a.?

Answer 34

Medial malleolar, medial calcaneal, medial plantar, lateral plantar, fibular aa.

Question 35

Which arteries contribute to the deep plantar arch?

Answer 35

Medial and lateral plantar aa.

Question 36

What are the subdivisions of the fibular a.?

Answer 36

Perforating, lateral malleolar, lateral calcaneal a.

Question 37

What is the anatomical name for the ankle joint?

Answer 37

Talocrural joint

Question 38

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint? To what do they all attach?

Answer 38

Anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular ligaments; all attac to the lateral malleolus of the fibula

Question 39

What are the parts of the medial ligament of the ankle joint? To what do they all attach?

Answer 39

Tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar parts; medial malleolus of the tibia

Question 40

What kind of ankle sprain is most common? What ligaments does it affect?

Answer 40

Inversion sprain affecting lateral ligaments

Question 41

What kind of sprain affects the medial ligament of the ankle?

Answer 41

Eversion sprains

Question 42

What is a Pott's fracture?

Answer 42

When the medial malleolus of the tibia is fractured by eversion of the medial ligaments

Question 43

If the foot is permanently dorsiflexed and everted, which nerve might be damaged?

Answer 43

Tibial n.