Hip Joint, Popliteal Fossa, Knee, and Leg

Question 1

What structures exit the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 1

Superior gluteal a., v., n., Inferior gluteal vessels and n., N. to quadratus femoris, sciatic n., posterior femoral cutaneous, n. to the obturator internus, pudendal n., internal pudendal a. and v.

Question 2

What structures exit the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 2

Obturator internus tendon, N. to obturator internus, pudendal n., internal pudendal vessels

Question 3

In what gluteal quadrant should injections be done?

Answer 3

Upper lateral quadrant

Question 4

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 4

Ball and socket synovial joint

Question 5

What are the anterior ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 5

Iliofemoral ligament and Pubofemoral ligament

Question 6

What is the posterior ligament of the hip joint?

Answer 6

Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 7

In which position are ligaments of the hip joint strongest?

Answer 7

When the hip is extended (standing)

Question 8

What muscles contribute to flexion of the hip joint?

Answer 8

Iliopsoas, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus mm.

Question 9

What muscles contribute to extension of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, adductor magnus mm.

Question 10

What muscles contribute to abduction of the hip joint?

Answer 10

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata, sartorius mm.

Question 11

What muscles contribute to adduction of the hip joint?

Answer 11

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis mm.

Question 12

What muscles contribute to medial rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 12

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

Question 13

What muscles contribute to lateral rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 13

Obturator externus, obturator internus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadrator femoris, piriformis, sartorius, gluteus maximus mm.

Question 14

What artery comes into the round ligament of the femoral head?

Answer 14

Acetabular branch to head of femur from obturator a.

Question 15

What provides blood flow to the hip joint?

Answer 15

Acetabular branch to head of femur from obturator a., lateral circumflex femoral a., medial circumflex femoral a., retinacular aa.

Question 16

What is the main contributor of arterial supply to the hip joint?

Answer 16

Medial circumflex femoral a.

Question 17

What vessel runs between the pectineus and iliopsoas mm?

Answer 17

Medial circumflex femoral a.

Question 18

A subcapital fracture will destroy what vascular structure?

Answer 18

Retinacular aa.

Question 19

What innervates the hip joint?

Answer 19

Femoral n., obturator n., N. to quadratus femoris, superior gluteal n.

Question 20

What nerve is damaged in a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 20

Sciatic n.

Question 21

What spinal nerves make up the Sciatic nerve

Answer 21

ventral rami L4-S3

Question 22

What are the two subdivisions of the sciatic n.?

Answer 22

Tibial and common fibular nn.

Question 23

If someone can’t extend their hip joint, how can you tell if it’s a gluteus maximus problem or a hamstring problem?

Answer 23

Check for knee flexion- if the knee can be flexed it?s a gluteus maximus problem

Question 24

What are the subdivisions of common fibular n.?

Answer 24

Superficial fibular n., deep fibular n.

Question 25

What are the terminal subdivisions of the tibial n.?

Answer 25

medial and lateral plantar nn.

Question 26

What nerve is the combined communicating branches of the common fibular n. and tibial n.?

Answer 26

Sural n.

Question 27

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 27

Supero-lateral: biceps femoris tendon; Superomedial: semimebranosus and semitendinosus mm.; Inferolateral and inferomedial: lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius mm.

Question 28

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 28

Termination of smal saphenous v., popliteal a. and brs., popliteal v. and tributaries., tibial n., common fibular n., posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh, popliteal lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

Question 29

What physical structure marks the transition of the femoral a. to the popliteal a.?

Answer 29

Adductor hiatus (comes out of adductor canal)

Question 30

What are the subdivisions of the popliteal a.?

Answer 30

Anterior and posterior tibial a.?

Question 31

What is the deepest, most anterior structure in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 31

Popliteal a.

Question 32

What bone of the leg is medial?

Answer 32

Tibia

Question 33

What muscls are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 33

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus mm

Question 34

What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 34

Deep fibular n.

Question 35

What supplies blood to anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 35

Anterior tibial a.

Question 36

What are the functions of tibialis anterior?

Answer 36

Dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle

Question 37

What are the functions of fibularis tertius m.?

Answer 37

Eversion of ankle and dorsiflexion

Question 38

What is the function of extensor digitorum longus m?

Answer 38

Dorsiflexion and extension of lateral four digits

Question 39

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus m.?

Answer 39

Dorsiflexion and extension of big toe

Question 40

How can one clinically test integrity of deep fibular n.?

Answer 40

Have patient stand on heels

Question 41

What is the distal attachment of the fibularis tertius tendon?

Answer 41

The base of the 5th metatarsal

Question 42

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 42

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis mm.

Question 43

What innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 43

Superficial fibular n.

Question 44

What artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 44

Perforating brs. Of fibular a.

Question 45

What are the functions of the fibularis longus and brevis mm.?

Answer 45

Eversion and weak plantar flexion

Question 46

What innervates the small triangle of skin between the 1st and 2nd digits?

Answer 46

Deep fibular n.

Question 47

Damage to what nerve causes foot drop? What function is lost?

Answer 47

Deep fibular n.; dorsiflexion

Question 48

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 48

Gastrocneumius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior mm.

Question 49

What innervates muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 49

Tibial n.

Question 50

What arteries supply the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 50

Posterior tibial and fibular aa.

Question 51

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius m.?

Answer 51

Plantarflexion and flexion of the knee joint

Question 52

What are the actions of the popliteus m.?

Answer 52

Unlocks the knee joint, weakly flexes knee joint

Question 53

What are the actions of flexor hallucis longus m.?

Answer 53

Plantarflexion and flexion of the big toe

Question 54

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus m.?

Answer 54

Plantarflexion and flexion of the lateral four digits

Question 55

What are the actions of the tibialis posterior m.?

Answer 55

Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot

Question 56

What are the functions of the soleus and planaris mm?

Answer 56

Plantarflexion

Question 57

What tendons form the Calcaneal (Achilles') tendon?

Answer 57

Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris mm.

Question 58

Where does the popliteus m. attach?

Answer 58

The lateral epicondyle of femur

Question 59

From anterior to posterior what is the order of structures coursing under the medial malleolus?

Answer 59

Tibialis posterior m., flexor digitorum longus m., posterior tibial a., tibial n. flexor hallucis longus m.

Question 60

What is the common function of tibialis posterior and anterior m.?

Answer 60

Inversion of the foot

Question 61

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 61

Synovial, modified hinge joint

Question 62

What are the three articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 62

Femorotibial articulations (2), and femoropatellar articulation

Question 63

What structures articulate at the tibiofemoral joint?

Answer 63

Medial and lateral femoral condyles with medial and lateral tibial plateaus

Question 64

What muscles' action contributes to flexion of the knee joint?

Answer 64

Sartorius, gracilis, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus mm.

Question 65

What muscles' action contributes to extension of the knee joint?

Answer 65

Quadriceps m.

Question 66

What muscles' action contributes to medial rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 66

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus mm.

Question 67

What muscles' action contributes to lateral rotation of the knee joint?

Answer 67

Popliteus m.

Question 68

What are the extracapsular collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

Answer 68

Lateral collateral ligament, IT band (Iliotibial tract), Medial collateral ligament, pes anserinus

Question 69

Which extracapsular collateral ligament of the knee joint prevents outward stress?

Answer 69

LCL

Question 70

Which extracapsular collateral ligament of the knee joint prevents inward stress?

Answer 70

MCL

Question 71

Which extracapsular collateral ligament of the knee joint attaches to the medial meniscus?

Answer 71

MCL

Question 72

What is pes anserinus?

Answer 72

Tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus mm inserting on tibia

Question 73

What are the intracapsular cruciate ligaments?

Answer 73

Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

Question 74

What innervates the knee joint?

Answer 74

Femoral, tibial, obturator, common fibular nn.