Hip Joint, Popliteal Fossa, Knee, and Leg Flashcards
What structures exit the greater sciatic foramen?
Superior gluteal a., v., n., Inferior gluteal vessels and n., N. to quadratus femoris, sciatic n., posterior femoral cutaneous, n. to the obturator internus, pudendal n., internal pudendal a. and v.
What structures exit the lesser sciatic foramen?
Obturator internus tendon, N. to obturator internus, pudendal n., internal pudendal vessels
In what gluteal quadrant should injections be done?
Upper lateral quadrant
What kind of joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket synovial joint
What are the anterior ligaments of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament and Pubofemoral ligament
What is the posterior ligament of the hip joint?
Ischiofemoral ligament
In which position are ligaments of the hip joint strongest?
When the hip is extended (standing)
What muscles contribute to flexion of the hip joint?
Iliopsoas, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus mm.
What muscles contribute to extension of the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, adductor magnus mm.
What muscles contribute to abduction of the hip joint?
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata, sartorius mm.
What muscles contribute to adduction of the hip joint?
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis mm.
What muscles contribute to medial rotation of the hip joint?
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
What muscles contribute to lateral rotation of the hip joint?
Obturator externus, obturator internus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, quadrator femoris, piriformis, sartorius, gluteus maximus mm.
What artery comes into the round ligament of the femoral head?
Acetabular branch to head of femur from obturator a.
What provides blood flow to the hip joint?
Acetabular branch to head of femur from obturator a., lateral circumflex femoral a., medial circumflex femoral a., retinacular aa.
What is the main contributor of arterial supply to the hip joint?
Medial circumflex femoral a.
What vessel runs between the pectineus and iliopsoas mm?
Medial circumflex femoral a.
A subcapital fracture will destroy what vascular structure?
Retinacular aa.
What innervates the hip joint?
Femoral n., obturator n., N. to quadratus femoris, superior gluteal n.
What nerve is damaged in a posterior hip dislocation?
Sciatic n.
What spinal nerves make up the Sciatic nerve
ventral rami L4-S3
What are the two subdivisions of the sciatic n.?
Tibial and common fibular nn.
If someone can’t extend their hip joint, how can you tell if it’s a gluteus maximus problem or a hamstring problem?
Check for knee flexion- if the knee can be flexed it?s a gluteus maximus problem
What are the subdivisions of common fibular n.?
Superficial fibular n., deep fibular n.
What are the terminal subdivisions of the tibial n.?
medial and lateral plantar nn.
What nerve is the combined communicating branches of the common fibular n. and tibial n.?
Sural n.
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Supero-lateral: biceps femoris tendon; Superomedial: semimebranosus and semitendinosus mm.; Inferolateral and inferomedial: lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius mm.
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Termination of smal saphenous v., popliteal a. and brs., popliteal v. and tributaries., tibial n., common fibular n., posterior cutaneous n. of the thigh, popliteal lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
What physical structure marks the transition of the femoral a. to the popliteal a.?
Adductor hiatus (comes out of adductor canal)
What are the subdivisions of the popliteal a.?
Anterior and posterior tibial a.?
What is the deepest, most anterior structure in the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal a.
What bone of the leg is medial?
Tibia
What muscls are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus mm
What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular n.
What supplies blood to anterior compartment of leg?
Anterior tibial a.
What are the functions of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle
What are the functions of fibularis tertius m.?
Eversion of ankle and dorsiflexion
What is the function of extensor digitorum longus m?
Dorsiflexion and extension of lateral four digits
What is the action of extensor hallucis longus m.?
Dorsiflexion and extension of big toe
How can one clinically test integrity of deep fibular n.?
Have patient stand on heels
What is the distal attachment of the fibularis tertius tendon?
The base of the 5th metatarsal
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis mm.
What innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular n.
What artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Perforating brs. Of fibular a.
What are the functions of the fibularis longus and brevis mm.?
Eversion and weak plantar flexion
What innervates the small triangle of skin between the 1st and 2nd digits?
Deep fibular n.
Damage to what nerve causes foot drop? What function is lost?
Deep fibular n.; dorsiflexion
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocneumius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior mm.
What innervates muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial n.
What arteries supply the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial and fibular aa.
What are the actions of the gastrocnemius m.?
Plantarflexion and flexion of the knee joint
What are the actions of the popliteus m.?
Unlocks the knee joint, weakly flexes knee joint
What are the actions of flexor hallucis longus m.?
Plantarflexion and flexion of the big toe
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus m.?
Plantarflexion and flexion of the lateral four digits
What are the actions of the tibialis posterior m.?
Plantar flexion and inversion of the foot
What are the functions of the soleus and planaris mm?
Plantarflexion
What tendons form the Calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon?
Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris mm.
Where does the popliteus m. attach?
The lateral epicondyle of femur
From anterior to posterior what is the order of structures coursing under the medial malleolus?
Tibialis posterior m., flexor digitorum longus m., posterior tibial a., tibial n. flexor hallucis longus m.
What is the common function of tibialis posterior and anterior m.?
Inversion of the foot
What kind of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial, modified hinge joint
What are the three articulations of the knee joint?
Femorotibial articulations (2), and femoropatellar articulation
What structures articulate at the tibiofemoral joint?
Medial and lateral femoral condyles with medial and lateral tibial plateaus
What muscles’ action contributes to flexion of the knee joint?
Sartorius, gracilis, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus mm.
What muscles’ action contributes to extension of the knee joint?
Quadriceps m.
What muscles’ action contributes to medial rotation of the knee joint?
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus mm.
What muscles’ action contributes to lateral rotation of the knee joint?
Popliteus m.
What are the extracapsular collateral ligaments of the knee joint?
Lateral collateral ligament, IT band (Iliotibial tract), Medial collateral ligament, pes anserinus
Which extracapsular collateral ligament of the knee joint prevents outward stress?
LCL
Which extracapsular collateral ligament of the knee joint prevents inward stress?
MCL
Which extracapsular collateral ligament of the knee joint attaches to the medial meniscus?
MCL
What is pes anserinus?
Tendons of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus mm inserting on tibia
What are the intracapsular cruciate ligaments?
Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments
What innervates the knee joint?
Femoral, tibial, obturator, common fibular nn.
