Gluteal Region and Thigh Flashcards
Which bone of the leg is smaller, thinner and more prone to fractures?
Fibula
What is the deep fascia of the the thigh?
Fascia Lata
What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata?
Iliotibial tract
What is the distal attachment of the iliotibial tract?
Gerdy’s tubercle of the tibia
What muscle is within the iliotibial tract?
Tensor fascia lata m.
What is the continuation of the deep fascia into the leg?
Crural fascia
What is the name of the lateral edge of the saphenous opening in the fascia lata?
Falciform ridge
What is the anatomical basis of varicose veins?
Valvular defect in veins of the leg leading to increased flow and pressure into the superficial vv.
What is the continuation of the external iliac artery as it passes underneath the inguinal ligament?
Femoral a.
What structures course through the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?
Femoral n., Femoral a., Femoral v., femoral canal, lymphatics
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superior- inguial ligament; medial- adductor longus m.; lateral- sartorius m.; floor- pectineus m. and ilipsoas m.
What major structures are found within the femoral sheath?
Femoral a., Femoral v., Femoral canal w/ lymphatics
What is the opening into the femoral canal from the abdominal cavity?
The femoral ring
What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?
Medial: Lacunar ligament; Lateral: Femoral v.; Anteior: inguinal ligament; Posterior- Pectineal ligament
What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas mm
What are the four bellies of the quadriceps femoris m?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
What is the function of the quadriceps femoris m?
Extend the knee joint; rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint
What is the proximal attachment of the bellies of the quadriceps femoris m.?
Rectus femoris attaches to anterior inferior iliac spine; others attach to femur
The patella is encase in the tendon of what muscle?
Quadriceps femoris m.
What is the longest m. in the body?
Sartorius m.
What is the proximal attachment of the sartorius m.?
Anterior superior iliac spine
What is the action of the pectineus m.?
Flexes the hip
What is the action of the iliopsoas m.?
Flexion of the hip joint
What is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas m?
The lesser trochanter of the femur
What spinal nerves contribute to the femoral nerve?
(L2, L3, L4)
What nerves innervate the skin of the thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous n., ilioinguinal n., femoral branch of genitofemoral n., Obturator n., femoral n., posterior cutaneous femoral n.
What nerve supplies motor function to the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral n.
What spinal nerves contribute to the obturator nerve?
L2, L3, L4
What is the action of the obturator externus m.?
Lateral rotation of the hip joint
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magus, gracilis mm.
What is the proximal attachment of the adductor magnus m? The distal attachment?
linea aspera of femur; medial epicondyle
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Semimembranosus m., semitendinosus m., biceps femoris m.
What are the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Extend the thigh, flex the knee
Which head of the biceps femoris is more medial?
Short head
What is the proximal attachement of the muscles of the posterior compartment?
Ischial tuberosity
What is the origin of the gluteus maximus m.?
Ilium, dorsal portion of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus m.?
Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
What nerve supplies gluteus maximus m.?
Inferior gluteal n.
What are the actions of the gluteus maximus m.?
Thigh extension and lateral rotation
What is the origin of the gluteus medius m.? The insertion?
Origin: ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines; Insertion- Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur
What innervates gluteus medius m.?
Superior gluteal n.
What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus minimus m?
O: Ilium; I: Anterior surface of femur greater trochanter
What are the actions of the gluteus medius and minimus m.?
Abduct and medially rotate the hip joint
What is the anatomical basis of a medius limp?
Unilateral damage to superior gluteal n. resulting in the tipping of the pelvis to contralateral side
What innervates the tensor fascia lata m.?
Superior gluteal n.
What innervates the piriformis m.?
S1 and S2
What innervates superior gemellus m.?
N. to obturator internus
What spinal n. segments make up n. to obturator internus?
L5, S1, S2
What innervates the inferior gemellus m.?
N. to Quad femoris
What innervates quadratus femoris m.?
N. to quadrator femoris
