Gluteal Region and Thigh

Question 1

Which bone of the leg is smaller, thinner and more prone to fractures?

Answer 1

Fibula

Question 2

What is the deep fascia of the the thigh?

Answer 2

Fascia Lata

Question 3

What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata?

Answer 3

Iliotibial tract

Question 4

What is the distal attachment of the iliotibial tract?

Answer 4

Gerdy’s tubercle of the tibia

Question 5

What muscle is within the iliotibial tract?

Answer 5

Tensor fascia lata m.

Question 6

What is the continuation of the deep fascia into the leg?

Answer 6

Crural fascia

Question 7

What is the name of the lateral edge of the saphenous opening in the fascia lata?

Answer 7

Falciform ridge

Question 8

What is the anatomical basis of varicose veins?

Answer 8

Valvular defect in veins of the leg leading to increased flow and pressure into the superficial vv.

Question 9

What is the continuation of the external iliac artery as it passes underneath the inguinal ligament?

Answer 9

Femoral a.

Question 10

What structures course through the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

Answer 10

Femoral n., Femoral a., Femoral v., femoral canal, lymphatics

Question 11

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 11

Superior- inguial ligament; medial- adductor longus m.; lateral- sartorius m.; floor- pectineus m. and ilipsoas m.

Question 12

What major structures are found within the femoral sheath?

Answer 12

Femoral a., Femoral v., Femoral canal w/ lymphatics

Question 13

What is the opening into the femoral canal from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 13

The femoral ring

Question 14

What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?

Answer 14

Medial: Lacunar ligament; Lateral: Femoral v.; Anteior: inguinal ligament; Posterior- Pectineal ligament

Question 15

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 15

Quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas mm

Question 16

What are the four bellies of the quadriceps femoris m?

Answer 16

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

Question 17

What is the function of the quadriceps femoris m?

Answer 17

Extend the knee joint; rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint

Question 18

What is the proximal attachment of the bellies of the quadriceps femoris m.?

Answer 18

Rectus femoris attaches to anterior inferior iliac spine; others attach to femur

Question 19

The patella is encase in the tendon of what muscle?

Answer 19

Quadriceps femoris m.

Question 20

What is the longest m. in the body?

Answer 20

Sartorius m.

Question 21

What is the proximal attachment of the sartorius m.?

Answer 21

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 22

What is the action of the pectineus m.?

Answer 22

Flexes the hip

Question 23

What is the action of the iliopsoas m.?

Answer 23

Flexion of the hip joint

Question 24

What is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas m?

Answer 24

The lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 25

What spinal nerves contribute to the femoral nerve?

Answer 25

(L2, L3, L4)

Question 26

What nerves innervate the skin of the thigh?

Answer 26

Lateral femoral cutaneous n., ilioinguinal n., femoral branch of genitofemoral n., Obturator n., femoral n., posterior cutaneous femoral n.

Question 27

What nerve supplies motor function to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 27

Femoral n.

Question 28

What spinal nerves contribute to the obturator nerve?

Answer 28

L2, L3, L4

Question 29

What is the action of the obturator externus m.?

Answer 29

Lateral rotation of the hip joint

Question 30

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 30

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magus, gracilis mm.

Question 31

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor magnus m? The distal attachment?

Answer 31

linea aspera of femur; medial epicondyle

Question 32

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 32

Semimembranosus m., semitendinosus m., biceps femoris m.

Question 33

What are the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 33

Extend the thigh, flex the knee

Question 34

Which head of the biceps femoris is more medial?

Answer 34

Short head

Question 35

What is the proximal attachement of the muscles of the posterior compartment?

Answer 35

Ischial tuberosity

Question 36

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus m.?

Answer 36

Ilium, dorsal portion of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Question 37

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus m.?

Answer 37

Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 38

What nerve supplies gluteus maximus m.?

Answer 38

Inferior gluteal n.

Question 39

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus m.?

Answer 39

Thigh extension and lateral rotation

Question 40

What is the origin of the gluteus medius m.? The insertion?

Answer 40

Origin: ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines; Insertion- Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur

Question 41

What innervates gluteus medius m.?

Answer 41

Superior gluteal n.

Question 42

What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus minimus m?

Answer 42

O: Ilium; I: Anterior surface of femur greater trochanter

Question 43

What are the actions of the gluteus medius and minimus m.?

Answer 43

Abduct and medially rotate the hip joint

Question 44

What is the anatomical basis of a medius limp?

Answer 44

Unilateral damage to superior gluteal n. resulting in the tipping of the pelvis to contralateral side

Question 45

What innervates the tensor fascia lata m.?

Answer 45

Superior gluteal n.

Question 46

What innervates the piriformis m.?

Answer 46

S1 and S2

Question 47

What innervates superior gemellus m.?

Answer 47

N. to obturator internus

Question 48

What spinal n. segments make up n. to obturator internus?

Answer 48

L5, S1, S2

Question 49

What innervates the inferior gemellus m.?

Answer 49

N. to Quad femoris

Question 50

What innervates quadratus femoris m.?

Answer 50

N. to quadrator femoris