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Anatomy: Block 4- Pelvis and Lower Extremity > Gluteal Region and Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal Region and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone of the leg is smaller, thinner and more prone to fractures?

A

Fibula

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2
Q

What is the deep fascia of the the thigh?

A

Fascia Lata

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3
Q

What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata?

A

Iliotibial tract

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4
Q

What is the distal attachment of the iliotibial tract?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle of the tibia

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5
Q

What muscle is within the iliotibial tract?

A

Tensor fascia lata m.

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6
Q

What is the continuation of the deep fascia into the leg?

A

Crural fascia

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7
Q

What is the name of the lateral edge of the saphenous opening in the fascia lata?

A

Falciform ridge

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8
Q

What is the anatomical basis of varicose veins?

A

Valvular defect in veins of the leg leading to increased flow and pressure into the superficial vv.

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9
Q

What is the continuation of the external iliac artery as it passes underneath the inguinal ligament?

A

Femoral a.

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10
Q

What structures course through the femoral triangle from lateral to medial?

A

Femoral n., Femoral a., Femoral v., femoral canal, lymphatics

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior- inguial ligament; medial- adductor longus m.; lateral- sartorius m.; floor- pectineus m. and ilipsoas m.

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12
Q

What major structures are found within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral a., Femoral v., Femoral canal w/ lymphatics

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13
Q

What is the opening into the femoral canal from the abdominal cavity?

A

The femoral ring

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?

A

Medial: Lacunar ligament; Lateral: Femoral v.; Anteior: inguinal ligament; Posterior- Pectineal ligament

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15
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas mm

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16
Q

What are the four bellies of the quadriceps femoris m?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

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17
Q

What is the function of the quadriceps femoris m?

A

Extend the knee joint; rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint

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18
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the bellies of the quadriceps femoris m.?

A

Rectus femoris attaches to anterior inferior iliac spine; others attach to femur

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19
Q

The patella is encase in the tendon of what muscle?

A

Quadriceps femoris m.

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20
Q

What is the longest m. in the body?

A

Sartorius m.

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21
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the sartorius m.?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

22
Q

What is the action of the pectineus m.?

A

Flexes the hip

23
Q

What is the action of the iliopsoas m.?

A

Flexion of the hip joint

24
Q

What is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas m?

A

The lesser trochanter of the femur

25
Q

What spinal nerves contribute to the femoral nerve?

A

(L2, L3, L4)

26
Q

What nerves innervate the skin of the thigh?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous n., ilioinguinal n., femoral branch of genitofemoral n., Obturator n., femoral n., posterior cutaneous femoral n.

27
Q

What nerve supplies motor function to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral n.

28
Q

What spinal nerves contribute to the obturator nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4

29
Q

What is the action of the obturator externus m.?

A

Lateral rotation of the hip joint

30
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magus, gracilis mm.

31
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the adductor magnus m? The distal attachment?

A

linea aspera of femur; medial epicondyle

32
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semimembranosus m., semitendinosus m., biceps femoris m.

33
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extend the thigh, flex the knee

34
Q

Which head of the biceps femoris is more medial?

A

Short head

35
Q

What is the proximal attachement of the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Ischial tuberosity

36
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus m.?

A

Ilium, dorsal portion of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

37
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus m.?

A

Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur

38
Q

What nerve supplies gluteus maximus m.?

A

Inferior gluteal n.

39
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus m.?

A

Thigh extension and lateral rotation

40
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius m.? The insertion?

A

Origin: ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines; Insertion- Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur

41
Q

What innervates gluteus medius m.?

A

Superior gluteal n.

42
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the gluteus minimus m?

A

O: Ilium; I: Anterior surface of femur greater trochanter

43
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus medius and minimus m.?

A

Abduct and medially rotate the hip joint

44
Q

What is the anatomical basis of a medius limp?

A

Unilateral damage to superior gluteal n. resulting in the tipping of the pelvis to contralateral side

45
Q

What innervates the tensor fascia lata m.?

A

Superior gluteal n.

46
Q

What innervates the piriformis m.?

A

S1 and S2

47
Q

What innervates superior gemellus m.?

A

N. to obturator internus

48
Q

What spinal n. segments make up n. to obturator internus?

A

L5, S1, S2

49
Q

What innervates the inferior gemellus m.?

A

N. to Quad femoris

50
Q

What innervates quadratus femoris m.?

A

N. to quadrator femoris

Anatomy: Block 4- Pelvis and Lower Extremity (6 decks)

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