Intro to pathology Flashcards
Pathology
The study of disease
- branch of medicine that investigates the nature of disease, changes in body tissue/organs that cause disease
Pathogenesis
Development of unhealthy conditions or diseases
- cellular events, reactions, and mechanisms that occur
- progression of pathological condition in relationship to functional abilities and limitations
- relationship between impairments and functional limits is the key to the therapy
Epidemiology
Study of incidence, prevalence, and transmission of diseases in human populations
- particularly important in the control of infectious diseases and related diseases
- predictive factors
Etiology
The study of factors that directly cause a disease
- there may be 1+ causative factors
- may help with prevention
Not the same as risk factors
Diagnosis
The identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms, lab tests, imaging, or other tools
Determinant of health
10% - genes and biology, physical environment, and clinical care
30% - health behaviors
40% social and economic factors
Illness
Deviation from health or disease alteration of system
- perception is key
- disturbances in biologic function, personal, interpersonal, and cultural relations to disease
- includes physical and cognitive problems
- diseases have a “natural course of progression” which affects how patients respond to therapy interventions
Determinant of health
10% - genes and biology, physical environment, and clinical care
30% - health behaviors
40% social and economic factors
Comorbidities
Affects lifespan. Multiple chronic or acute injuries that compromise body’s ability to heal
7 petals of wellness
Social - occupational - intellectual - physical - emotional/mental - spiritual - environmental
Disability
Does not equal disease and is determined by a judge
- patterns of behavior that appear over long period of time when functional limitations cant be overcome for role fulfillment
Cognitive disability
- 11% of world diseases
- 5 types
1. Executive functions, behavior
2. Complex problem solving
3. Information processing
4. Memory
5. Learning
Medical vs PT diagnosis
- medical code structure: category - etiology, anatomic site, severity - extension
- body function and structure in ICF model
Prevention
Most cost effective and helpful
- immunotics: designed to prevent illness without side effects or harm
1. Primary: immunization, helmets
2. Secondary: early detection, screenings
3. Tertiary: limit impact of disease, rehab, radiation, treatment
Prevention
Most cost effective and helpful
- immunotics: designed to prevent illness without side effects or harm
1. Primary: immunization, helmets
2. Secondary: early detection, screenings
3. Tertiary: limit impact of disease, rehab, radiation, treatment
Acute
Rapid onset, short duration of signs and symptoms
- full recovery
- specific sequence: physical symptoms, cognitive awareness, emotional response, sick role
Chronic
Long lasting or recurrent
Idiopathic
Unknown cause, no etiology
Communicable
Can be transmitted form person to person; contagious
Morbidity
Disease rate in a population
Mortality rate
The number or deaths in a population
Systemic
Multiple systems
Syndrome
Collection of signs and symptoms that occur together
Complications
Secondary problems that arise after the OG disease
