Infections

Question 1

Pathogens

Answer 1

The disease causing microbes, often called germs
- infectious diseases result from invasion of the body by microorganisms and multiplication of these microbes, followed by damage to the body

Question 2

Non-pathogenic

Answer 2

Do not cause disease, many are beneficial

Question 3

Infection

Answer 3

• replicating bacteria causes inflammation and tissue damage. 10^5 organisms per gram of tissue
• An invasion of the body by organs is that have the potential to cause disease
• process by which an organisms seeks to utilize the host’s resources to multiply, usually at the expense of the host
• systemic or local

Question 4

Contamination

Answer 4

Non-replicating bacteria that doesn’t cause inflammatory immune response. The organisms are are present but quiet

Question 5

Colonization

Answer 5

Replicating bacteria that doesn’t cause additional tissue injury or stimulate host immune response. Can delay or benefit healing

Question 6

S&S systemic

Answer 6

• fever and chills - sweating - malaise - nausea - vomiting - diarrhea - wound drainage - vital sign changes - pain - headache

Question 7

S&S local

Answer 7

Pain or tenderness - swelling - redness - warmth

Question 8

Old ppl and infection

Answer 8

• may NOT have fever
• first sign may be confusion
• susceptible due to: thin fragile skin, immune system chagnes, deceased gag reflexes (pneumonia), dehydration (UTI), cognitive changes

Question 9

Transmission-based precautions

Answer 9

• contact
• airborne
• droplet
• vehicle
• vector borne

Question 10

Bacteria

Answer 10

Unicellular organisms that dont require living tissue/cell to survive

• injure by invading tissue and releasing exotoxins and endotoxins that cause cell death and degradation of extracellular matrix
• c diff - staph - strep

Question 11

C diff

Answer 11

Anaerobic - diarrhea in presence of antibiotic exposure - fecal transplant
- fecal-oral transmission

Question 12

Staph

Answer 12

Most common cause of infection

• need an opening in the skin to invade
• attacks bones, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart

Question 13

MRSA

Answer 13

Skin to skin

• HAND WASHING
• antibiotic resistance
• chest issues, non-healing wound
• found skin, lungs, bone, and blood

Question 14

Viruses

Answer 14

Small intracellular parasites that require a living host cell for replication (attaches to cell)

• NOT affected by antibiotics
• DNA take over host and cell functions abnormally
• mutates and spreads

Question 15

Direct cytopathic effect

Answer 15

RNA viruses which kill from within by disturbing cellular processes or disrupt nucleus/plasma integrity

Question 16

Indirect cytopathic effect

Answer 16

Integrate into cellular genome, DNA type virus viral proteins form channel in membrane - swelling and death of cell occur

Question 17

Protozoa

Answer 17

Parasite, guardia, single cell unit or group of non differentiated cells

Question 18

Rickettsiae

Answer 18

Animal pathogens cause human disease via insect bite

- require host for replication

Question 19

Fungi

Answer 19

Simple unicellular to filamentos organisms that contain nuclei

Question 20

Diagnostic tests

Answer 20

Pathogenic organisms can be identifies by culture and staining techniques
- blood test are used to detect changes in WBC count and the presence of antibodies

Question 21

Exercise

Answer 21

• above neck: perform exercise cautiously (half-speed). 10 min in, better ok but worse stop!
• below neck: Dont exercise