intro to patho

Question 1

anatomy vs physiology

Answer 1

anatomy: structure
physiology: funtion (requires energy)

Question 2

pathophyiology when it comes to funtion

Answer 2

alteration of function
(structural alterations cause funtional alterations and functional alterations can cause structural alterations)

Question 3

adaptations

Answer 3

when we adapt to the environment

Question 4

compensation

Answer 4

specific type of adaptation (when we have had a loss)
ex: short leg on a table you can add something to the bottom to fix it

Question 5

pathogenesis

Answer 5

process of developing a disease (how it began and unfolded)

Question 6

Etiology

Answer 6

cause of the problem

Question 7

clinical manifestation

Answer 7

signs
symptoms
lab work
test

Question 8

congenital vs acquired

Answer 8

congenital: born with it
acquired: got after birth

Question 9

primary vs secondary

Answer 9

primary : where the problem originate
secondary : another organ effeced due to the primary

primary: right side heart issue
secondary: lung wont get blood

Question 10

syndrome

Answer 10

things work together but we dont know what caused it.
once we know he can change the name.

Question 11

prognosis

Answer 11

what we can tell the patient is going to happen now that we know the diagnosis

Question 12

remission vs exacerbation

Answer 12

remission: symptoms are controlled
exacerbation: periods where illness flares up (asthma)

Question 13

complication

Answer 13

things we know may happen

Question 14

sequelae

Answer 14

we know because they got one thing theyll have something else too.

Question 15

morphology vs histology

Answer 15

morphology: can see it by looking at pt
histology: have to look at the cellular level

Question 16

dysmorphology

Answer 16

disfunctional morphology you can see
-down syndrome

Question 17

laboratory tests vs diagnostic tests

Answer 17

lab: need sample of body
diagnositic: dont require a sample (ct, xray)

Question 18

morbidity

Answer 18

areas of illness (degree of illness)
degree of covid

Question 19

stress

Answer 19

stress response is related to the stress producing situation and the persons capacity to adapt and cpe with the stressor. adaption for stress occurs at all levels within the organism.

Question 20

hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis (response to stress)

Answer 20

adrenal gland production of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

Question 21

sympathectic nervous system (response to stress)

Answer 21

fight or flight

Question 22

immune suppression (response to stress)

Answer 22

cytokines secretion and thymus gland atrophy
immune suppression by cortisol

Question 23

vascular tone and fluid volume regulation (stress response)

Answer 23

activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
pituitary secretion of antidiurectic hormone (vasopressin)