intro to organic chemistry Flashcards
define empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compund
define molecular formula
the true number of atoms of each element in a compund
define general formula
all members of a homologous organic series follow the general formula
define structural formula
shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule
define displayed formula
shows every atom and every bond in an organic compund
define skeletal formula
shows only the bonds in a compound and any non-carbon atoms
vertices are carbon atoms
hydrogen is assumed to be bonded to them unless stated otherwise
characteristics of homologous series
members follow a general formula and react in a very similar way, each concestivitve member differs by CH2 and there is an increase in boiling points as chain length increases
prefixes of carbon chains up to 6 carbon atoms
meth
eth
prop
but
pent
hex
define functional group
atom/group of atoms on a molecule that changes chemical propeties
define structural isomerism
molecule which have the same molecular formula different structural formula
types of structural isomerism and there definitions
positional isomerism- molecules with the same molecular formulas but which have the functional group on different positions in the molecule
chain isomerism- molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of carbon atoms
functional group isomerism- molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional groups
define steroiisomerim
same molecular and structural formula but atoms occupy different position in space
type of sterioiomerims and describe it
E/Z isomerism
the C=C double bond restricts rotation, each of the C of the C=C bond must be attracted to 2 different groups.
CIP pritoty rules to decide if compund E or Z
higher the atomic number of an atom the higher the priotity
if priority groups on same side then Z, if on opposite its E
a dot in a radical represents
and unpaired electron
