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Chem > Aqueous Ions > Flashcards

Aqueous Ions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a complex ion

A

A positive metal ion surrounded by ligands. Ligands bind to central metal ion by coordinate bonds

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2
Q

Coordinate bond definition

A

A shared pair of electrons which have both come from the same atom

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3
Q

Ligand definition

A

An ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons which can form a coordinate bond with a transition metal ion

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4
Q

Coordinate number definition

A

The number of coordinate bonds a transition metal ion forms

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5
Q

4 hexa aqua complex ions

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+

[Fe(H2O)6]2+

[Fe(H2O)6]3+

[Al(H2O)6]3+

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6
Q

Iron(II) in aqueous solution formula and colour

A

[Fe(H2O)6] 2+ (aq)
Green solution

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7
Q

Copper (II) in aqueous solution formula and colour

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq)
Blue solution

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8
Q

Iron(III) in aqueous solution formula and colour

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+(aq)
Purple solution
May look yellow- brown due to some [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+ (aq)

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9
Q

Aluminium (III) in aqueous solution formula and colour

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+(aq)
Colourless solution

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10
Q

Aluminium (III) in NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
White precipitate

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11
Q

Aluminium (III) in excess NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

[Al(OH)4]- (aq)
Colourless solution

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12
Q

Aluminium (III) in NH3 (aq) formula and colour

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
white precipitate

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13
Q

Aluminium (III) in excess NH3 (aq) formula and colour

A

no further change so still

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
white precipitate

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14
Q

Aluminium (III) in Na2CO3 (aq) formula and colour

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
White precipitate
And CO2 has evolved

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15
Q

Iron(II) in NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)
Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

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16
Q

Iron(II) in NH3 (aq) formula and colour

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)
Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

17
Q

Iron(II) in excess NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

No further change so

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)
Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

18
Q

Iron(II) in excess NH3(aq) formula and colour

A

No further change so

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)
Green ppt goes brown on standing in air

19
Q

Iron(II) in Na2CO3 (aq) formula and colour

A

FeCO3 (s)
Green ppt

20
Q

Copper(II) in NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2(s)
Blue ppt

21
Q

Copper(II) in excess NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

No further change so Cu(H2O)4(OH)2(s)
Blue ppt

22
Q

Copper(II) in NH3 (aq) formula and colour

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2(s)
Blue ppt

23
Q

Copper(II) in excess NH3 (aq) formula and colour

A

[Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ (aq)
Depp blue solution

24
Q

Copper(II) in Na2CO3 (aq) formula and colour

A

CuCO3 (s)
Blue- green ppt

25
Q

Iron(III) in NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
Brown ppt ( may look orange-brown)

26
Q

Iron(III) in excess NaOH (aq) formula and colour

A

No further change so

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
Brown ppt ( may look orange-brown)

27
Q

Iron(III) in NH3 (aq) formula and colour

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
Brown ppt ( may look orange-brown)

28
Q

Iron(III) in excess NH3 (aq) formula and colour

A

No further change so Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
Brown ppt ( may look orange-brown)

29
Q

Iron(III) in Na2CO3 (aq) formula and colour

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)
Brown ppt ( may look orange-brown) and CO2 gas evolved

30
Q

Reaction of Copper(II) with HCl (aq) product formula and colour

A

[CuCl4]2- (aq)
Yellow solution (may look green)

31
Q

Relative acidity of metal-aqua ions and why

A

The 3+ ions are more acidic than 2+ as Fe3+ smaller and more highly charged than Fe2+, so Fe3+ is more polarising so strongly attracts the lone pair on the oxygen of the water ligands, in tune this weakens the O-H bond strength. So Fe(III) complex more easily realeases H+ ions making the solution acidic
The fe(II) complex doesn’t realease H+ ions

32
Q

The character of metal hydroxides as basic or amphoteric

A

Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric
It acts as a base when HCl
is added product is [Al(H2O)6]3+
Acts as an acid with NaOH added
Product [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]-

Chem (33 decks)

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