amines

Question 1

how can primary aliphatic amines be formed from haloakanes

Answer 1

reaction of ammonia with haloalkane (nuc sub, excess NH3, ethanol, heat , pressure)
nuc sub with KCN then reduction of nitriles (H2/Ni)

Question 2

how are aromatic amines prepared

Answer 2

reduction of nitro compounds (conc HCl, Sn)

Question 3

what are aromatic amines used in

Answer 3

manufacture of dyes

Question 4

amines are weak/strong bases

Answer 4

weak

Question 5

difference in base strength between ammonia, primary aliphatic and primary aromatic amines

Answer 5

the stronger the base the more available the lone pairs on the nitrogen are
primary aliphatic amine vs ammonia - due to the positive inductive effect the alkyl group on primary aliphatic amine releases electron density into nitrogen so more available so stronger
primary aromatic amines vs primary aliphatic amines - the phenyl group on aromatic amines makes nitrogen lone pairs less available as lone pairs delocalise into phenyl ring so weaker base
primary aliphatic amine > ammonia> phenyl amine

Question 6

amines are nucleophiles or electrophiles

Answer 6

nucleophiles

Question 7

formation of primary amines

Answer 7

nucleophilic susistution halo alkane + excess NH3

Question 8

formation of secondary amines

Answer 8

further nuc subsistion of primary amine (exxcees haloalkanes)

Question 9

formation of tertiary amines

Answer 9

futher nuc sub of secondary amine(exxcees haloalkanes)

Question 10

formation of quaternary ammonium salts

Answer 10

further nuc sub of tertiary amines(exxcees haloalkanes)

Question 11

use of quaternary ammonium salts

Answer 11

cationic salts and hair condidtioner

Question 12

use of amines

Answer 12

used to make hair conditioner