Intro To Organic Chem Flashcards
What are the two types of isomerism
Structural and geometric
State what is meant by structural isomerism
A molecule that has the same molecular formula but different spatial arrangements of a atoms or groups
What are the three types of structural isomerism
Chain
Position
Functional group
Give three examples of functional group isomers
Alcohols and ethers
Alkenes and cycloalkanes
Aldehydes and ketones
State what is meant by a function group isomer
Same molecular formula different functional groups
State what is meant by the term chain isomer
Same molecular formula different arrangement of carbon atoms
State what is meant by position isomer
Same molecular formula different arrangement of functional groups
What is the general formula for alkanes
Cnh2n+2
What is the general formula for alcohols
Cn H2n+1 Oh
What is the general formula for an alkene
Cn H2n
What is meant by the term molecular formula
The actual number of atoms in a molecule or element for example
C2H6
What is meant by empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound for example
CH4
How do you name a molecule
- Highest number of carbon atoms
- Look for any functional groups to name the suffix of the
- Then number the carbon chain that the functional group is
- Make a note of the carbon number the functional group is attached to
- Name any side chains
- Any side chains less important than functional group at written in alphabetical order
Why do we have E/Z isomers
Because of restricted rotation of the double bond
State what is meant by the term homologous series
family of an organic compound with the same functional group and the same general formula
