Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Neuro > Intro to Neuro part 1 > Flashcards

Intro to Neuro part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System is divided into (2)

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CNS is divided into (2)

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PNS is divided into (2)

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The brain is divided into (3)

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

brainstem is divided into (3)

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

spinal cord is divided into (5) segments

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cerebrum (parts/functions) (5)

A

(has what are often called higher functions)
~Perceiving and interpreting sensory input – touch, vision, hearing, taste and smell
~Generation & coordination of voluntary movements
~Production & understanding of language
~Thinking, planning, organizing and problem solving
~Generation & controlling our own emotions and recognizing the emotions of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cerebellum (parts/functions) (4)

A 
(generally thought as a structure involved in motor functions)
~Coordination of voluntary movement
~Regulation of posture
~Processing of sensory input
~Involvement in emotional behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Brainstem (parts/functions) (7)

A

~Generation of motor activities & reception of sensory input through cranial nerve
~Final connection from the CNS to muscles of head & neck
~Transmitting information running between the cerebrum, cerebellum and the spinal cord
~Regulation of basic visceral (body) functions such as breathing, heart rate and regulation of smooth muscle throughout the body
~Reflexes
~Basic functions of balance and movement
~Consciousness, wakefulness and sleep cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spinal Cord (parts/function) (4)

A

~Generation of motor activities & reception of sensory input through spinal & peripheral nerves
~Final connection of CNS to all skeletal muscles of the body (except head & some neck muscles) – “final common pathway”
~Generation of some basic motor patterns – “central pattern generators”
~Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cranial Nerves (parts/function) (4)

A

~Arise in pairs from the different levels of the brain stem
~Some have purely sensory function
~Some have purely motor function
~Some have different combinations of motor, sensory and autonomic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spinal Nerves (parts/function) (4)

A

~Arise in pairs from each of the 31 spinal segments
~All have both motor and sensory functions
~Many have motor, sensory and autonomic function
~Spinal nerves branch to form named peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anatomical Planes (3)

A

sagittal, coronal, horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sagittal Plane divides…

A

the nervous system into left and right sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coronal Plane divides…

A

the nervous system into front and back sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Horizontal Plane divides…

A

the nervous system into an upper and lower section; also can be called a “cross-section” image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Directional Terminology for Spinal Cord/ Brainstem

Dorsal=

A

Posterior (towards the back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Directional Terminology for Spinal Cord/ Brainstem

Ventral=

A

Anterior (towards the front)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Directional Terminology for Spinal Cord/ Brainstem

Superior=

A

also called rostral, upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Directional Terminology for Spinal Cord/ Brainstem

Inferior=

A

also called caudal, downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Directional Terminology for Spinal Cord/ Brainstem

Lateral=

A

towards the side or away for midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Directional Terminology for Spinal Cord/ Brainstem

Medial=

A

towards the midline or away from the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Directional Terminology for Cerebrum

Superior=

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Directional Terminology for Cerebrum

Inferior=

A

Ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Directional Terminology for Cerebrum

Anterior=

A

Rostral or Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Directional Terminology for Cerebrum

Posterior=

A

Caudal or Occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Directional Terminology for Cerebrum

Lateral=

A

towards the side or away from midline

28
Q

Directional Terminology for Cerebrum

Medial=

A

toward the midline or away from the side

29
Q

the adult human brain contain ________ neurons and _______ supporting cells (___)

A

100 billion
equivalent number
glia

30
Q

About _____ cells are cerebral cortex

A

20 billion cells

31
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

a thin layer of cells along the outer rim of the cerebrum

32
Q

the cerebrum contains (__ hemispheres)

A

2 hemispheres

33
Q

what is the divide of the 2 hemispheres called in the cerebrum?

A

longitudinal fissure

34
Q

what connects the 2 hemispheres in the cerebrum?

A

a dense band of nerve fibers (axons) called the corpus callosum

35
Q

the surface of the cerebrum contains ____ (____) and _____ (_____)

A

grooves (sulcus) and ridges (gyrus)

36
Q

Grey matter in brain

A

composed of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

37
Q

White matter in brain

A

composed of myelinated neuronal axons

38
Q

Nucleus of the cerebrum

A

clusters of cell bodies in the cerebrum

39
Q

Tract of cerebrum (other names and definition)

A

fasciculus or white column

a group of axons running together within the central nervous system

40
Q

Nerve

A

a group of axons running together

41
Q

ganglion

A

group of cell bodies in a peripheral nervous system

42
Q

Each hemisphere contains ___ lobes

A

4-6 lobes

43
Q

Frontal lobe

A

anterior (rostral) to the central sulcus

44
Q

Parietal lobe

A

posterior (caudal) to the central sulcus

45
Q

Temporal lobe

A

inferior to lateral fissure

46
Q

Occipital lobe

A

the most posterior caudal lobe

47
Q

Insula

A

pull back frontal and temporal cortex and within the lateral fissure- sometimes called the insular lobe

48
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

just rostal to the central sulcus- primary motor cortex

49
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

just caudal to the central sulcus-primary somatosensory cortex

50
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

(limbic lobe) superior to the corpus callosum

51
Q

Fornix

A

A fiber tract (a groups of axons running together in the CNS) which connect the medial temporal lobe and the hypothalamus on the same side of the cerebrum

52
Q

Diencephalon (4 parts +1 other)

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus

pituitary gland- not really considered part of the diencephalon

53
Q

Thalamus

A

the large ovoid structure in the center of the cereburm

54
Q

Hypothalamus

A

just below the thalamus and anterior

55
Q

Subthalamus

A

just below and posterior to the thalamus

56
Q

Epithalamus

A

posterior to the thalamus

57
Q

spinal cord anatomy

A

~each segment has a pair of spinal nerves

~each spinal nerve is composed of thousands of nerve fibers (axons) which will branch to form named peripheral nerves

58
Q

gray matter in spinal cord

A

in the center of the spinal cord with the cell bodies and dendrites

59
Q

white matter in spinal cord

A

surrounds the gray matter and is formed by the myelinated ascending and descending axons

60
Q

4 parts of the gray matter

A

Butterfly shape
Dorsal “wings”
Ventral “wings”
Central gray area linking horns

61
Q

Ventral roots of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

contains “motor” axons leaving the spinal cord, entering the spinal nerve, passing into named peripheral nerves, and eventually innervating skeletal muscles

62
Q

Dorsal roots of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

contains sensory axons which originally arise in the skin, muscle, joint, or even body viscera; located in the dorsal root ganglia which is the enlargement I the dorsal root

63
Q

Cauda Equina

A

~Spinal cord descends in the spinal canal to about L1 or L2
~Spinal nerves will exit the appropriate levels
~There is a bundle of nerves after L1 or L2 that is referred to as cauda equine

64
Q

Vertebra anatomy

A

~composed of a body and vertebral arch
~vertebra arch is formed by 2 lamina and 2 pedicles
~the arch forms the vertebral foramen (spinal canal) through which the spinal cord passes
~there are also transverse and spinous processes for muscular attachments

65
Q

Between the Vertebrae

A

~When the 2 vertebra attach, form an intervertebral foreman
~Spinal nerve passes out through intervertebral foremen
~Vertebral bodies separated by intervertebral disks

66
Q

Intervertebral Disks

A

~Composed of gelatinous inner core (nucleus pulposus) and fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus)
~Compressed by upright posture
~May bulge to compress the spinal nerve as it passes out of the intervertebral foramen.
(“Slipped disk”, Radiculopathy, Pain, paraesthesias & loss of motor function if extreme)

Intro to Neuro (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions