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Infection > Intro to Microbes > Flashcards

Intro to Microbes Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the 4 components of the Microbial World

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Parasites

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2
Q

List 8 micro-organisms in increasing size order

A 
Prions
Proteins
Viruses
Mycoplasma/ Chamidiae/ Rickettsiae
Mitochondria
Bactria
Eukaryotic Cells
Worms
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3
Q

List 4 components of a virus

A

Nuclei acid (DNA/ RNA)
Protein coat
Envelope (Around coat)
Spikes (For attaching to cell surfaces)

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4
Q

Name the 7 classes of viruses

A

1: dsDNA
2: ssDNA
3: dsRNA
4: (+)ve ssRNA
5: (-)ve ssRNA
6: ssRNA-RT
7: dsDNA-RT

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5
Q

Compare (+) and (-)ve ssRNA

A

Positive: Genes can be read by ribosomes directly
Negative: Genes must be transcribed to make mRNA

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6
Q

Compare ssRNA-RT and dsDNA-RT

A

ssRNA-RT: Repliate via a DNA Intermediate

dsDNA-RT: Replicate via an RNA Intermediate

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7
Q

Name 4 components of a bacterium

A 
Pili
Flagella
Nucleoid circular DNA + Plasmids
Capsule (Not always present)
Peptidoglycan cell wall
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8
Q

What are the bacterial shapes

A

Coccus
Spirillus
Bacillus (Rods)

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9
Q

How are cocci arranged?

A

As clusters OR as chains

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10
Q

Compare gram negative and positive bacteria

What is the structure of the component in Gram Negative

A

Positive: Periplasmic space between plasma membrane and THICK peptidoglycan wall

Negative: Periplasmic space ALSO between THIN peptidoglycan wall and Outer membrane (Liposaccharide and protein)

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11
Q

Describe the 4 levels of oxygen tolerance in bacteria

A

Aerobes- Can survive in presence of O2
Obligate Aerobes- Require O2 for survival

Anaerobes- Can survive in absence of O2
Obligate Anaerobes- Require absence of O2 for survival (Unless able to form spores)

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12
Q

Name 2 mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis

A

Virulence factors

Toxins

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13
Q

What are the 4 phases in bacterial growth

A

Lag
Log/ Exponential
Stationary
Death

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14
Q

Compare fungi types

A

Yeasts- Unicellular

Moulds- Multicellular

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15
Q

Compare parasite types

A

Protozoa: Unicellular

Helminths: Worms, multicellular

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16
Q

What is the gram stain

A

A stain used to separate bacteria into 2 classifications depending on their cell wall

17
Q

How does Gram Stain work in 3 steps

A
  1. Addition of Crystal Violet dye stains bacterial cells PURPLE/ BLUE
  2. Treatment with Alcohol causes Gram-Positive to retain the stain and Gram-Negative to lose the stain-> Colourless
  3. Addition of Safranin counter-stains Gram-Negative PINK/ RED
18
Q

Name 3 Gram-Positive Cocci Bacteria

A

Staph aureus
Strep pyrogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae

19
Q

Name 2 Gram-Negative Cocci Bacteria

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria meningitidis

20
Q

Name 3 Gram-Positive Bacilli Bacteria

A

C Dificile

Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthracis
Listeria monocytogenes

21
Q

Name 3 Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteria

A

Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Haemophilus influenzae

Infection (26 decks)

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