Adaptive Immunity: Effector Phase Flashcards
State the immune functions of;
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgA
IgA: Mucosal immunity
IgE: Helminth immunity, Mast cell degranulation
IgG: Phagocytosis, complement activation, neonatal immunity
IgM: Complement activation
Describe how an Antibody response and Effector cell response are made to come about.
Include the following aspects;
- Microbes
- Macrophages
- APCs
- Naive and mature B cells
- Naive CD4 and CD8 cells
- T helper cells and CTLs
- Microbes breach innate barriers, and are taken up by macrophages and APCs
- Microbes activate Naive B cells-> Mature B cells
- APCs activate Naive CD4 T cells-> T helper cells, activate naive CD8 cells-> CTLs
- T helper cells cause Mature B cells to produce an antibody response
- CTLs produce an effector cell response
What are 3 components of a T cell receptor (TCR)?
What forms of antigen do they recognise?
(TCRs are ON a T cell)
- Alpha and beta chains bonded together
- CD3 complex
- Accessory molecule (CD4 or CD8)
- Recognise peptides displayed by MHC molecules
Describe how APCs activate T lymphocytes via costimulation
- MHC class I or II peptides presented to TCR
- B7 molecule on APC presented to CD28 on T cell
Describe the T Helper cell response, including the T helper cells produced and their functions
Naive CD4+ cells-> TH1, TH2, TH17 or Treg cells
TH1: Activates CD8 cells, Macrophages, and B cells
TH2: Activates B cells, Eosiniphils, and Mast cells
TH17: Activates neutrophils
Treg: Tolerance and Immunosuppression
(TH1 and TH2 can turn into each other)
Which T Helper cells make up Cell mediated immunity and Humoral immunity
Cell mediated; (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi)
- TH1 cells
Humoral; (Parasites, Worms)
- TH2
- TH17
Describe the activation of Naive CD8 cells into Effector and Memory CD8 cells
- APCs stimulate naive CD8 cells-> Memory CD8 cells and Effector cells
- TH1 cells needed to activate Naive CD8-> Effector CD8 cells
What are the 3 outcomes of B lymphocyte activation
- Antibody production;
- IgM production is T Helper independent
- IgG, IgA, IgE production is T Helper dependent
- Memory B cells made
- Affinity maturation in antibody response
Compare when to use Vaccination and Immunoglobulin therapies
Vaccination: Before infection
Immunoglobulin therapies: After infection