Adaptive Immunity: Effector Phase Flashcards

1
Q

State the immune functions of;

IgM
IgG
IgE
IgA

A

IgA: Mucosal immunity

IgE: Helminth immunity, Mast cell degranulation

IgG: Phagocytosis, complement activation, neonatal immunity

IgM: Complement activation

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2
Q

Describe how an Antibody response and Effector cell response are made to come about.

Include the following aspects;

  • Microbes
  • Macrophages
  • APCs
  • Naive and mature B cells
  • Naive CD4 and CD8 cells
  • T helper cells and CTLs
A
  1. Microbes breach innate barriers, and are taken up by macrophages and APCs
  2. Microbes activate Naive B cells-> Mature B cells
  3. APCs activate Naive CD4 T cells-> T helper cells, activate naive CD8 cells-> CTLs
  4. T helper cells cause Mature B cells to produce an antibody response
  5. CTLs produce an effector cell response
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3
Q

What are 3 components of a T cell receptor (TCR)?

What forms of antigen do they recognise?

(TCRs are ON a T cell)

A
  • Alpha and beta chains bonded together
  • CD3 complex
  • Accessory molecule (CD4 or CD8)
  • Recognise peptides displayed by MHC molecules
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4
Q

Describe how APCs activate T lymphocytes via costimulation

A
  • MHC class I or II peptides presented to TCR

- B7 molecule on APC presented to CD28 on T cell

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5
Q

Describe the T Helper cell response, including the T helper cells produced and their functions

A

Naive CD4+ cells-> TH1, TH2, TH17 or Treg cells

TH1: Activates CD8 cells, Macrophages, and B cells

TH2: Activates B cells, Eosiniphils, and Mast cells

TH17: Activates neutrophils

Treg: Tolerance and Immunosuppression

(TH1 and TH2 can turn into each other)

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6
Q

Which T Helper cells make up Cell mediated immunity and Humoral immunity

A

Cell mediated; (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi)
- TH1 cells

Humoral; (Parasites, Worms)

  • TH2
  • TH17
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7
Q

Describe the activation of Naive CD8 cells into Effector and Memory CD8 cells

A
  • APCs stimulate naive CD8 cells-> Memory CD8 cells and Effector cells
  • TH1 cells needed to activate Naive CD8-> Effector CD8 cells
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8
Q

What are the 3 outcomes of B lymphocyte activation

A
  1. Antibody production;
  • IgM production is T Helper independent
  • IgG, IgA, IgE production is T Helper dependent
  1. Memory B cells made
  2. Affinity maturation in antibody response
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9
Q

Compare when to use Vaccination and Immunoglobulin therapies

A

Vaccination: Before infection

Immunoglobulin therapies: After infection

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