INTRO TO MANAGEMENT Flashcards
the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.
Management
What are the four management functions?
Planning, leading, organizing, controlling
identifying goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them. In other words, managerial planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there.
Planning
involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority, and allocating resources across the organization.
Organizing
the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals. It means creating a shared culture and values, communicating goals to employees throughout the organization, and infusing employees with the desire to perform at a high level.
Leading
means monitoring employees’ activities, determining whether the organization is on target toward its goals, and making corrections as necessary.
Controlling
System theory
ludwig von bertalanffy
Principles of Administrative Management
miner and engineer henri fayol
Bureaucratic management
Max weber
Scientific management
frederick taylor
Theories X and Y
Douglas McGregor
Human Relations Theory
Elton Mayo
Contingency management
Fred Fiedler
It is more a perspective than a fully formed practice. It encourages you to realize that your business is a system and is governed by the same laws and behaviors that affect every other biological organization.
System theory
Concept of system theory
Entropy
Synergy
Subsystem
a top-down approach to examining a business. He put himself in his manager’s shoes and imagined what situations they might encounter when dealing with their team.
Principles of administrative management
Six responsibilities when managing employees:
- organize
- command
- coordinate
- control
- plan
- Forecast
ideas revolve around the importance of structuring your business in a hierarchical manner with clear rules and roles.
Bureaucratic management
promotes standardization, specialization, assignment based on ability, and extensive training and supervision. Only through those practices can a business achieve efficiency and productivity. This management theory attempts to find the optimal way to complete a given task, often at the expense of the employees’ humanity.
Scientific management
posits that employees are apathetic or dislike their work. Managers who adhere to _____ are often authoritarian and will micromanage everything because they don’t trust their employees. (large businesses)
Theories X
posits that employees are self-motivated, responsible, and want to take ownership of their work. Managers who adhere to _____ include their employees in the decision-making process and encourage creativity at all levels.
Theories Y
in which he states that employees are more motivated by social factors — like personal attention or being part of a group — than environmental factors, such as money and working conditions.
Human Relations theory
predicated on the idea that employees only have physical needs. Because employees can satisfy these physical needs with money, this Theory focuses solely on the economics of organizing workers.
Classical management
Key principles of classical management
• Profit maximization
• Labor specialization
• Centralized leadership
• Streamlined operations
• Emphasis on productivity
• Single-person or select-few decision making
• Priority to the bottom line
theories on the idea that effective leadership was directly related to the traits the leader displayed in any given situation. The theory suggests that there is no one management approach that suits every situation and every organization.
Contingency management
Three general variables determine business management and structure
- The size of the organization
- The technology employed
- The leadership at all levels of the
business
embraces the idea that people are complex. Their needs vary over time, and they possess a range of talents and skills that the business can develop through on-the-job training and other programs.
Modern management
is response to managerial efficiency, together with experts from scientific disciplines to address staffing, materials, logistics, and systems issues.
Quantitative management
system that is built on a succession of subsystems. In order for the business to run smoothly and efficiently, each subsystem must also work smoothly and efficiently within itself, but also with the other subsystems around it.
Organization as learning system
cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationships among its parts.
Conceptual skills
manager’s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member.
Human skill
understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.
Technical skills
Types of management
- top managers
- middle managers
- project managers
- first line managers
- functional managers
- general managers
responsible for setting organizational goals, defining strategies for achieving them, monitoring and interpreting the external environment, and making decisions that affect
the entire organization.
Top manager
responsible for a temporary work project that involves the participation of people from various functions and levels of the organization, and perhaps from outside the company as well.
Project managers
responsible for departments that perform a single functional task and have employees with similar training and skills.
Functional managers
responsible for a self-contained division, and for all the functional departments within it.
General managers
management tool whereby managers and employees work together to set and track objectives for a specific time period.
Management by objectives
Management by objective process
✓ Review Organization Objectives
✓ Set Employee Objectives
✓ Monitor
✓ Evaluate
✓ Reward
gives the employee and manager the opportunity to rectify a situation should progress start to go off track.
Monitor
straightforward to check if each employee achieved their goals, or not
Evaluate
tendency for a system to run down and die (a thing to be avoided in business)
Entropy
working together, the parts can produce something greater than those same parts could produce on their own
Synergy
whole is built on subsystems, which is themselves are built on yet more subsystems
Subsystem
Ideal business structures based on
- clear division of labor
- separation of owner’s own personal and organizational assets
- hierarchical chain of command
- accurate record keeping
- hiring and promotion based on qualifications and performance not personal relationships
- consistent regulation
