human resources

Question 1

It is the phase of management concerned with the
engagement and effective utilization of
manpower to obtain optimum efficiency of human
resources

Answer 1

personal management

Question 2

personal management also known as

Answer 2

personnel administration

Question 3

It consists of a series of
activities intended to carry out the personnel
policies of the laboratory for the purpose of realizing
objectives of the organization

Answer 3

personnel program

Question 4

What are the personnel program

Answer 4

• Employment
• Safety
• Employee relations
• Employee research and standards
• Employee services

Question 5

It is the statement of intention that commits the
laboratory manager to a general course of action
in order to accomplish a specific purpose

Answer 5

personnel policy

Question 6

There are ten (10) areas normally considered by
personnel policies:

Answer 6

1. Recruitment, selection and planning
2. Employee induction and training
3. Employee rating and promotion
4. Transfer, downgrading and lay-off
5. Disciplining and discharge
6. Salary and wage administration
7. Changes in work assignment and hours
8. Services for employees
9. Employee’s health and safety
10. Employee’s participation and work
    problems

Question 7

SOURCES OF LABOR

Answer 7

• Internal Sources
• External Sources

Question 8

are the employees actively
working in the laboratory

Answer 8

Internal Sources

Question 9

include person who apply in
person, who answer advertisement and who are
recommended by schools

Answer 9

External Sources

Question 10

is a general term applying to drives,
desires, needs, and wishes of an individual in order
to perform

Answer 10

Motivation

Question 11

It involves a chain reaction

Answer 11

motivation

Question 12

Composed of extrinsic factors or hygiene
factors and intrinsic factors or motivation
factors

Answer 12

Herzberg’ Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Question 13

Extrinsic Factors or
Hygiene Factors

Answer 13

Pay or salary increases

Technical supervision or
having a competent
superior

The human relation

Organization policy and
administration

Working condition or
physical surrounding

Job security

Question 14

Intrinsic Factors or
Motivation Factors

Answer 14

Achievement completing
important task successfully
Recognition (being single
out or praise)

Responsibility for one’s own
or other work

Advancement (changing
status through promotion)

Question 15

Dr. Abraham M. Maslow postulated five
basic needs which are organized into
successive levels. Unfulfilled needs drive a
person to work

Answer 15

Maslow’s Theory

Question 16

5 needs of Maslow’s theory

Answer 16

➔ Physiological needs
➔ Safety needs
➔ Love needs
➔ Esteem needs
➔ Need for self-actualization

Question 17

Based on the work of maslow, McGregor
has described two extreme management
styles, Theory X and Y

Answer 17

McGregor’s Theory

Question 18

Theory X

Answer 18

People hate to work; that
they need to be driven

Threatened or punished to
achieve organizational
goals

They lack ambition and
want only security

Question 19

Theory Y

Answer 19

People don’t have to be
forced or threatened to
work

Work is considered as
natural as rest or play

They will commit
themselves to the external
organization

People want responsibility

Question 20

This ties the strength of behavioral
motives to the individual’s assessment of
the likelihood of achieving a specific goal

Answer 20

McClelland’s Achievement Model

Question 21

This theory needs the following work
related needs:

Answer 21

➔ Achievement needs- job and
career success
➔ Power needs- control and
influence
➔ Affiliation needs- warm, friendly
relationships

Question 22

Aldefer’s ERG Theory

Answer 22

● E- existence need; physiologic needs
● R- relatedness needs; interpersonal
relationship, acceptance and belonging
● G- growth needs; creativity, challenge and
personal growth on the job

Question 23

This motivation theory holds that:
➔ Effort will bring rewards
➔ Variables influence the selection
decision: Expectancy
➔ Outcome, Instrumentality, Valance
and Choices

Answer 23

Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

Question 24

This theory holds that they are perceived
in their work situation, especially
compared with people in similar positions.
Key concepts include comparison and
perception

Answer 24

Adam’s Equity Theory

Question 25

B.F Skinner’s theory of motivation is based
on the observation that we tend to behave
to the way we are treated

Answer 25

Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory

Question 26

proposed by E.L Thorndlike which
states that we act in response to expected
consequences

Answer 26

Law of Effect

Question 27

an event that leads or influences to a
response

Answer 27

Stimulus

Question 28

behavior that results from a stimulus

Answer 28

Response

Question 29

consequence of an action or
response

Answer 29

Reinforcement

Question 30

the application of practice of
reinforcement

Answer 30

Behavior motivation

Question 31

Business owners can’t control the economy, but they
must respond to indicators that trend upward or
downward, then adjust their own operations
accordingly

Answer 31

EXTERNAL FACTOR: ECONOMY

Question 32

Organization with strong leadership have a clear
vision for the future, a plan of how to achieve their
goals and a quantifiable way of measuring success

Answer 32

INTERNAL FACTOR: LEADERSHIP

Question 33

Customers satisfaction to the product and services

Answer 33

EXTERNAL FACTOR: CUSTOMERS/CLIENTS

Question 34

Leadership refers to the people in your organization
that make all the major decisions regarding
financing, budget, sales, marketing, and human
resources

Answer 34

INTERNAL FACTOR: LEADERSHIP

Question 35

views the workers
as tools and means of production without no further
obligation to them

Answer 35

Exploitative and Authoritative

Question 36

a know-how feeling
for the best for the employees and need only inform
and direct their actions without seeking any feedback

Answer 36

Benevolent and Authoritative

Question 37

• through the opinions and advice of
  the staff are useful, the decisions remain exclusively
  to the manager

Answer 37

Consultative

Question 38

the input and responsibility for
decision making process are placed directly on the
staff with only general guidance and oversight from
the management. This involves “Team Approach”

Answer 38

Participative

Question 39

where managers had strong
ties rather that in production work

Answer 39

Employee Oriented

Question 40

emphasize the high productivity
at the expense of all other factors

Answer 40

Product Oriented-

Question 41

where the manager directs the staff
toward getting the work done; paying attention to
assigning particular tasks, specifying and clarifying
what is expected of subordinates and the uniformity
of the procedures to be followed and personally
deciding what and how work will be done

Answer 41

Structure Style

Question 42

shown by managers effort to
explain their action, treat workers as equal, listen to
subordinates concerns, look out for their personal
welfare, give advance notice of changes and
generally, friendly and approachable

Answer 42

Consideration Style

Question 43

a distinctive
approach to a employment management which
seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the
strategic development of a highly committed and
capable workforce, using an integrated array of
cultural, structural, and personnel techniques

Answer 43

Human Resource Management