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Foundations II > Intro to Epithelium > Flashcards

Intro to Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Tight junctions (zonula occlundes)

A
  • Block movement of extracellular molecules between adjacent cells
  • Maintain cell membrane polarity
  • Made of claudins and occludins
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2
Q

Apical domain membrane specializations

A
  • Microvilli
  • Stereocilia
  • Cilia
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3
Q

Apical junction complex

A

Tight junctions + Adherens junctions + Desmosomes = segmented membrane

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4
Q

Stereocilia

A
  • Long, thin, non-motile microvilli
  • Found in male reproductive tract (epididymis and ductus deferens)
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5
Q

Keratinized/cornified

A

with protective layers of dead cells and keratin

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6
Q

Lateral membrane

A

Faces side (another epithelial cell)

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7
Q

Gap junctions

A
  • Pore between two membranes allowing passage of small molecules and nutrients
  • Made of connexin proteins that form connexons => multiple connexons from two cells align to form gap junction
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8
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Structure: 1 layer (all cells touch basement membrane) but looks like multiple as nuclei aren’t aligned

Examples:

  • large airways (trachea)
  • epididymis
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9
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Structure: 1 layer, rectangular cells

Examples:

  • small intestine
  • terminal/small airways of respiratory system (bronchioles)
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10
Q

Microvilli

A
  • small processes that project from surface to increase SA (great for absorption)
  • found at intestinal brush border and PCT of kidney
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11
Q

Adherens junctions (zonula adherens)

A
  • link actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells => epithelial strength
  • form continuous contractile band around cells
  • made of transmembrane cadherins; cytoplasmic tails bind anchor proteins in an intracellular plaque
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12
Q

Desmosomes (macula adherens)

A
  • beneath adherens junctions
  • in stratified epithelia exposed to stress
  • made of transmembrane cadherins; cytoplasmic portion binds IFs not actin
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13
Q

Where is epithelium found?

A
  • covers/lines free surfaces of the body
  • interface between different biological compartments
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14
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)

A

Structure:

  • multiple layers: more cuboid => flat => dry, protective layer of dead cells and keratin

Example: skin

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15
Q

Stratified

A

more than one layer of cells

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16
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • Changes structure depending on stretch/relaxation
  • Found in the bladder
  • Relaxed: 5-6 layers, top layer very cuboid
  • Stretched: 2-4 layers, top layer very flat
17
Q

Apical membrane

A

Faces lumen (inside of tube like structure)

18
Q

Cubiodal

A

square cells

19
Q

Squamous

A

flat cells

20
Q

Basal membrane

A

Faces underlying connective tissue

21
Q

3 characteristics that describe different kinds of epithelium

A
  1. Number of cell layers - simple - stratified - pseudostratified 2. Cell shape - squamous - cubiodal - columnar 3. Keratinization - keratinized/cornified - non-keratinized/non-cornified
22
Q

Pseudostratified

A

one layer of cells (all cells touch basement membrane) but looks like more than one because nuclei are not aligned

23
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Structure: 1 layer, square cells

Examples:

  • renal tubules
  • thyroid follicles
  • glandular tissue
24
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Structure: single layer, flat cells

Examples:

  • parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
  • lining of blood vessels (endothelium)
  • lining of body cavities (mesothelium)
  • lung alveolar walls
25
Q

Hemidesmosome

A
  • Anchor cell to basement membrane
  • Attachemnt site for keratin IFs
  • Transmembrane integrins bind extracellular lamins (type IV collagen) in basement membrane
26
Q

Defining characteristics of all epithelium

A
  • anchored to basement membrane (which rests on underlying connective tissue)
  • avascular: relies on diffusion of nutrients and gases from vasculature in adjacent connective tissue
  • tightly connected at lateral surface via specialized junctional complexes
27
Q

Columnar

A

rectangular cells

28
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)

A

Structure:

  • multiple layers: more square towards basement membrane => more flat
  • all cells have nuclei

Examples:

  • esophagus
  • oral cavity
  • vagina
  • anal cavity
29
Q

Cilia

A
  • Actively motile with complex inner structure
  • Found in lining of respiratory tract and female reproductive tract
30
Q

Basal domain

A
  • 30-60nm non-cellular membrane between epithelium and connective tissues
  • Made of collagenous and non-collagenous glycoproteins and proteoglycans
  • Gives structural support and is a selective barrier to/from supporting tissue
31
Q

Junctional complexes of the lateral domain

A
  • tight junctions (zona occludens)
  • adherens junctions (zonula adherenes)
  • desmosomes (macula adherens)
  • gap junctions

Foundations II (17 decks)

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