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Foundations II > embryogenesis > Flashcards

embryogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

embryonic period of development

A

weeks 3-8

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2
Q

fetal period of development

A
  • week 9 => term

- mainly growth; also brain and nervous development

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3
Q

morula

A
  • after the 8 cell stage
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4
Q

blastocyst

A
  • weeks 1-2 of development

- trophoblast + blastocyst cavity + inner cell mass

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5
Q

trophoblast

A
  • outer cell layer of the blastocyst

- simple squamous epithelium

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6
Q

inner cell mass

A
  • inner part of blastocyst

- will form embryo

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7
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A
  • normal implantation = posterior upper uterine wall

- ectopic sites: tubal, abdominal, ovarian, cervical

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8
Q

chorionic villi

A
  • fetal contribution to the placenta

- on the side of the blastocyst that implants

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9
Q

implantation

A
  1. blastocyst (inner cell mass end) attaches to uterine epithelium
  2. trophoblast (syncytiotrophoblast) invades the endometrium
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10
Q

decidua basalis, capsularis, and parietalis

A
  • layers of the endometrium that shed
  • basalis = maternal component of placenta; engaged with villous chorion
  • capsularis = overlies smooth chorion
  • parietalis = uninvolved uterine mucosa (front wall of uterus)
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11
Q

placenta

A
  • chorionic villi bathed in maternal blood from the decidua basalis
  • site of maternal/fetal exchange
  • early placental membrane: syntrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, connective tissue, endothelium of blood vessels
  • late placental membrane: syntrophoblast, endothelium
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12
Q

umbilical cord

A
  • comes from the connecting stalk
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13
Q

chorionic villi

A
  • fetal contribution to the placenta
  • on the side of the blastocyst that implants
  • layers of the placental villi are the layers of the chorion (syntrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, mesenchyme)
  • most villi are free (coated with syntrophoblast) and are sites for metabolic exchange, but anchoring villi span the thickness of the placenta to desidua basalis
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14
Q

bilaminar embryo

A
  • epiblast => embryo

- hypoblast => outer structures

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15
Q

amnion

A
  • amnion cavity forms when inner cell mass becomes hollow around time of implantation
  • consists of ectoderm and extra-embryonic mesoderm
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16
Q

chorion (smooth and villous)

A
  • outermost membrane of blastocyst
  • consists of: syntrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and extra-embryonic mesoderm
  • smooth chorion covers amnion
  • villous chorion contains the villi that become the placenta
17
Q

yolk sac

A
  • forms on day 10
  • consists of: endoderm and extra-embryonic mesoderm
  • provides early nutrition
18
Q

ectoderm

A
  • comes from epiblast

- surrounds amniotic cavity

19
Q

endoderm

A
  • surrounds yolk sac
20
Q

mesoderm

A
  • comes from primitive streak/node and the ectoderm
  • forms notochord along the midline then spreads outward to engage extra-embryonic mesoderm
  • begins as loss connective tissue (mesenchyme) then condenses to form several columns
21
Q

mesenchyme

A

= extra-embryonic mesoderm

embryonic loose connective tissue

22
Q

gastrulation

A
  • occurs with appearance of intra-embryonic mesoderm
23
Q

primitive streak

A
  • streak of thickening ectoderm arising behind the primitive knot (mesoderm)
  • goes on to form the intra-embryonic mesoderm
24
Q

notochord

A
  • condensed mesoderm (epithelial columns)
  • induces neural plate
  • remains as nucleus pulpois of intervertebral disks
25
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A
  • condensed mesoderm (epithelial columns)

- will form somites for bone, muscle, connective tissue

26
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A
  • condensed mesoderm (epithelial columns)

- will form UG system

27
Q

lateral plate mesoderm

A
  • condensed mesoderm (epithelial columns)

- future body wall and cavities and gut wall

28
Q

coeloms

A
  • intraembryonic coelem forms as the lateral plate mesoderm and cardiogenic mesoderm form a u shape down the middle of the embryo
  • will form the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavitieis
29
Q

somatopleure

A
  • ectoderm and mesoderm from lateral plate

- will form lateral and ventral body wall (including parietal pleura and peritoneum)

30
Q

splanchnopleure

A
  • endoderm and mesoderm from lateral plate

- will form visceral structures including the gut

31
Q

week 4

A
  • formation of somites, neural tube, and intra-embryonic coelem
  • 3 layered disk => cylinder shape
32
Q

amniotic fluid

A
  • allows movement of fetus
  • initially comes from mother; later is fetal urine which is recycled
  • too little: renal agenesis
  • too much: inhibition of absorption or swallowing
33
Q

week 3

A
  • gastrulation occurs with appearance of 3rd germ layer (intra-embryonic mesoderm)
  • elongation of the embryonic disk
  • neuralation
34
Q

allantois

A

vestigial extra-embryonic membrane formed from yolk sack

35
Q

week 1

A

ovulation, conception, and migration down uterine tube

zygote => morula

36
Q

week 2

A

implantation and extraembryonic membrane formation

morula => blastocyst

  • embryo becomes bilaminar disk
  • syntrophoblast + cytotrophoblast + extra embryonic mesoderm => amnion, yolk sac, chorion

Foundations II (17 decks)

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