Intro To Endocrinology

Question 1

Paracrine signal

Answer 1

Vicinity

Question 2

Endocrine signal

Answer 2

In the blood

Question 3

Paracrine mediator examples

Answer 3

Polypeptide GF
Amines
Prostaglandin

Question 4

Polypeptide GF

Answer 4

Mitogens
Trophic factors
Chemoattractants

Question 5

Mitogens

Answer 5

Stimulate cell proliferation due to increasing mitosis
- Insulin and steroids

Question 6

Trophic factors

Answer 6

Stimulate cell growth, axon in CNS

Question 7

How are Trophic factors secreted

Answer 7

Endogenously

Question 8

Chemoattractants

Answer 8

Attract WBC to the inflammation site
IGs

Question 9

IgM

Answer 9

Membrane bound on the surface of immature and mature B cells
First antibody produced in a primary response to an antigen
First antibody produced by the fetus
Efficient in binding antigens w many repeating epitopes, such as viruses

Question 10

IgD

Answer 10

Membrane bound on the surface of mature Bcell
No biological function known as

Question 11

IgA

Answer 11

Predominant antibody class in secretions, saliva, tears, breast milk
First line of defence against infection by microorganisms

Question 12

IgG

Answer 12

Most abundant with 4 isotopes
Crosses placenta
Opsonization

Question 13

IgE

Answer 13

Defence against parasite infections
Associated with hypersensitivity reactions
Found in tissues

Question 14

Amine Paracrine molecule

Answer 14

Histamine

Question 15

What is histamine

Answer 15

Secreted by mast cells in response to an allergen

Question 16

Histamine mechanism of release

Answer 16

Antibody IgE binds to receptors on mast cell
Cross linkages
Influx ca++
Release of histamine vesicles

Question 17

H1 receptor

Answer 17

Cell migration
Nociception
Vasodilation
Broncho constriction

Question 18

H2 receptor

Answer 18

Gastric acid secretion
Vascular permeability
Airway mucus secretion

Question 19

H1 histamine locations and functions

Answer 19

Venule endothelial, causes leak
Hypothalamus, release of ant. Pit. Hormones

Question 20

H2 receptor location and function

Answer 20

Stomach, causes release of stomach acid

Question 21

Paracrine molecule

Answer 21

Nitric oxide

Question 22

Where is NO produced

Answer 22

Endothelial cells

Question 23

What is NO activated by

Answer 23

Ach via increase in cellular ca++

Question 24

What catalyzes the reaction arginine to citrulline

Answer 24

NO synthase

Question 25

Where does NO diffuse to

Answer 25

From the endothelial cells into smooth muscle tunica media

Question 26

What does NO activate

Answer 26

Guanylate Cyclades producing cGMP

Question 27

What does cGMP inactivate

Answer 27

Myosin light chain phosphatase

Question 28

Inactivation of myosin light chain phosphatase causes what

Answer 28

Relaxation of smooth muscle

Question 29

What does viagra inhibit

Answer 29

cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme

Question 30

Categories of hormones

Answer 30

Steroid Peptide AA derived

Question 31

Steroid hormones derived from

Answer 31

Cholesterol

Question 32

Action of steroid hormones

Answer 32

Freely cross membranes - lipophillic Intracellular receptors Alter genomic activity Transported via carrier pro

Question 33

Exception to the water soluble hormones

Answer 33

Thyroxine

Question 34

Peptide and AA receptor location

Answer 34

Cell surface

Question 35

Peptide or AA hormone secondary messenger

Answer 35

Cyclic AMP or GMP initiates a cascade

Question 36

Protein kinase A is responsible for

Answer 36

Proliferation Migration Regulation: glycogen , sugar, lipids

Question 37

MAPK is responsible for

Answer 37

Proliferation Chemotaxis Survival

Question 38

Ras/Raf pathway responsible for

Answer 38

Proliferation and chemotaxis

Question 39

mTOR pathway responsible for

Answer 39

Proliferation Chemotaxis Survival Cytokine production

Question 40

Hormone definition

Answer 40

Chemical substance that exerts control and regulates cellular and metabolic processes