Calcium Homeostasis

Question 1

2 hormones that regulate calcium homeostasis

Answer 1

PTH and Calcitonin

Question 2

Where are parathyroid glands

Answer 2

Posterior aspect of thyroid

Question 3

What do chief cells secrete

Answer 3

PTH

Question 4

Normal range of blood calcium

Answer 4

8.5 to 10.3 mg/dl

Question 5

Symptoms of hypo or hyper calcium

Answer 5

CNS depression to motor and neurological excitability

Question 6

What part of the body has readily available ca++

Answer 6

Bone

Question 7

What can you use ca++ for

Answer 7

Muscle movement
Nerve communication
Signalling between cells
Hormonal secretion
Blood vessel flow
Clotting factor

Question 8

Ca++ for - clotting factor

Answer 8

Prothrombin to thrombin cofactor

Question 9

CNS depression in ca++ deficiency

Answer 9

You need ca++ release to adhere the neurotransmitter vesicles

Question 10

What is a blood clot

Answer 10

Platelets
RBC
Fibrin

Question 11

Clotting chain reaction

Answer 11

Trigger
Ca++ and other factors
Thrombin
Fibrin net
Platelets become sticky
Blood clots

Question 12

Impact of no D3 on calcium absorption

Answer 12

Goes from 35 to 10%

Question 13

Side effect of high ca++

Answer 13

Kidney stones

Question 14

What happens to most ingested ca++

Answer 14

Excreted

Question 15

Cells ca++ level

Answer 15

13000 mg

Question 16

Bone ca++ level

Answer 16

1 million mgs

Question 17

Urine ca++ level

Answer 17

100mg

Question 18

Absorption into extracellular fluid from alimentary canal ca++ level

Answer 18

350 mg

Question 19

Secretion from ECF to canal ca++ level

Answer 19

250 mg

Question 20

Hypocalcemia causes the chief cells to ____

Answer 20

Release parathyroid hormone

Question 21

Target organs for PTH

Answer 21

Bone and kidney

Question 22

PTH ca++, bone

Answer 22

Increase osteoclasts

Question 23

PTH ca++, kidney 1

Answer 23

Increase ca++ absorption and decreases phosphate absorption

Increases phosphate in urine by phosphate buffer system

Question 24

PTH ca++, kidney 2

Answer 24

Formation of 1,24 (OH) 2 Vitamin. D3 AKA 1,25 (OH) 2 cholecalciferol AKA Calcitriol

Question 25

Impact of calcitriol

Answer 25

Increases ca++ and phosphorus absorption from the intestine

Question 26

First step in hydroxylation of D3

Answer 26

7 dehydrocholesterol (provitamin) into skin which rearranges ring 2 and forms cholecalciferol

Question 27

Most active form of D3

Answer 27

1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol or calcirtiol

Question 28

Second step of the hydroxylation of D2

Answer 28

D3 in the liver with 25 hydroxylase forms 25(OH)cholecalciferol

Question 29

Third step of D3 hydroxylation

Answer 29

25(OH) cholecalciferol and PTH to calcitriol and 24,25 cholecalciferol

Question 30

D2 found where

Answer 30

Plants

Question 31

D3 found where

Answer 31

Animals

Question 32

Hypercalcemia causes ____ to secrete _____

Answer 32

Parafollicular cells of thyroid, calcitonin

Question 33

Calcitonin, bone

Answer 33

Increases osteoblasts

Question 34

Calcitonin, kidney

Answer 34

Decreases ca++ absorption and increases phosphate absorption

Question 35

Risk factors

Answer 35

Family history Bone density Hormones Medications Lifestyle Diet Race Other conditions

Question 36

Risk factors bone density

Answer 36

Low body mass index Being underweight

Question 37

Risk factors hormones

Answer 37

Low estrogen in women, low testosterone in men

Question 38

Risk factors lifestyle

Answer 38

Inactivity Long periods of bed rest Smoking Alcohol

Question 39

Risk factors diet

Answer 39

Insufficient ca++ D3 PRO

Question 40

Risk factors race

Answer 40

White or asian

Question 41

Risk factors race

Answer 41

White or Asian

Question 42

Risk factors other medical conditions

Answer 42

IBS Celiac Kidney disease Liver disease Cancer

Question 43

What prevents excessive bone loss with aging

Answer 43

Healthy food and lifestyle choices

Question 44

DEXA name

Answer 44

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan

Question 45

High levels of ca++

Answer 45

Dairy products such as low fat and non fat milk Yoghurt Cheese

Question 46

High levels of ca++ food

Answer 46

Sardines and salmon

Question 47

High levels of D3 fish

Answer 47

Fatty varieties such as salmon mackerel tuna

Question 48

High levels ca ++ veggies

Answer 48

Collared greens Turnip Kale Okra Chinese cabbage Dandelion greens Mustard greens Broccoli

Question 49

High levels of magnesium in veggies

Answer 49

Spinach Beef greens Okra Tomato products Artichokes Plaintaines Potatoes Sweet potatoes Prunes and raisins

Question 50

High levels potassium in veggies and fruits

Answer 50

Tomato Prunes Raisins Potatoes Spinach Sweet potatoes Papaya Oranges Bananas

Question 51

Foods to avoid

Answer 51

Salty Wheat bran Alcohol Caffeine Beans

Question 52

Why should you avoid salty foods with osteoporosis

Answer 52

Causes the body to lose ca++ through increased urine

Question 53

Why should you decrease wheat bran with osteoporosis

Answer 53

Phytates causes reduction of bio available ca++ in other foods consumed at the same time

Question 54

Why should you avoid alcohol with osteoporosis

Answer 54

It is a diuretic, you will be filtering more

Question 55

Why should you avoid caffeine with osteoporosis

Answer 55

Decreases ca ++ absorption by increase during and osteoblasts apoptosis

Question 56

Why should you avoid beans with osteoporosis

Answer 56

Phytates interfere with your ability to absorb ca++ You can reduce the Phytates levels by soaking beans in water for a few hours then cook in fresh water

Question 57

What is the dosage for maintenance of increased BMD at lumbar spine and hip in postmenopaurpsal women

Answer 57

Resistance training 2-3/wk for 1 yr

Question 58

Why is RE and Aerobic exercise recommended for

Answer 58

Muscular loading to bone above gravity