Glucose Homeostasis

Question 1

Fasting blood glucose range

Answer 1

70-80 to 100-110 mg/dl

Question 2

Time frame for sugar to enter the body
Simple sugar

Answer 2

10-15 mins

Question 3

Time frame for sugar to enter the body
Whole grains

Answer 3

2+ hrs

Question 4

Time frame for sugar to enter the body
Potatoes

Answer 4

1hr

Question 5

Time frame for sugar to enter the body
White bread

Answer 5

2hrs

Question 6

Time frame for sugar to enter the body
Whole grain bread

Answer 6

3-4 hrs

Question 7

Glycemic response

Answer 7

Effect food has on blood glucose concentrations

Question 8

Glycemic index

Answer 8

Classification of dietary carbs impact on glucose level

Question 9

Glycemic load

Answer 9

Glycemic index times grams of carb in the meal

Question 10

Glycemic index rapid digestion

Answer 10

High GI

Question 11

Glycemic index slow digestion

Answer 11

Low GI

Question 12

Where does pancreas connect

Answer 12

Duodenum

Question 13

B cell

Answer 13

Insulin

Question 14

A cell

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

D cell

Answer 15

Somatostatin

Question 16

Pancreatic acini

Answer 16

Digestive enzymes

Question 17

Hyperglycaemia stimulates

Answer 17

Beta cells to release insulin
Delta cells to release somatostatin

Question 18

Hypoglycemia stimulates

Answer 18

Alpha cells to release glucagon

Question 19

What type of hormone is insulin

Answer 19

Peptide hormone

Question 20

What kind of bond does insulin have

Answer 20

Disulfide bond

Question 21

GLUT for muscle and adipose

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Insulin in the liver

Answer 22

Glycogenesis
Glycolysis
FA synthesis TAG
Cholesterol synthesis

Question 23

Insulin in adipose tissue

Answer 23

GLUT 4 transporter and glucose enters the cell
TAG storage

Question 24

Insulin in muscle cell

Answer 24

Stimulates GLUT 4 transporter and glucose enters cell
Glycogenesis
Glycolysis
Krebs
ETC

Question 25

Somatostatin on hypothalamus

Answer 25

Decreases GHRH

Question 26

Somatostatin on anterior pituitary

Answer 26

Decreased the release of GH

Question 27

Somatostatin affects neurotransmitter and cell proliferation via

Answer 27

GPCR

Question 28

Somatostatin on glucagon and insulin

Answer 28

Inhibitory

Question 29

Glucagon on the liver

Answer 29

Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis B ox

Question 30

Glucagon on adipose

Answer 30

Lipolysis

Question 31

Hypoglycemia and acute stress

Answer 31

Stimulates the release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla

Question 32

Hypoglycemia and sleep or exercise

Answer 32

Stimulates GHRH from hypothalamus

Question 33

Fasting pre diabetic levels

Answer 33

100-125

Question 34

Fasting diabetic

Answer 34

125+

Question 35

What is A1c level

Answer 35

Representation of glucose adhered to blood cells in the past weeks

Question 36

Normal A1c level

Answer 36

Less than 5.6

Question 37

Prediabetic A1c level

Answer 37

5.7 to. 6.4%

Question 38

Diabetic A1c level

Answer 38

Greater than 6.4%

Question 39

Where does glucose attach to the RBC

Answer 39

Beta chain

Question 40

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 40

Body’s immune systems attacks beta cells causing them to lose the ability to make insulin

Question 41

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 41

Target cells lose the ability to respond normally to insulin

Question 42

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 42

Target cells lose the ability to respond normally to insulin

Question 43

Pre diabetes

Answer 43

High blood glucose

Question 44

Gestational diabetes

Answer 44

Type 2 High blood glucose during pregnancy

Question 45

Hypoglycemia

Answer 45

Low blood sugar resulting from excess insulin

Question 46

When does reactive Hypoglycemia happen

Answer 46

After CHO rich food

Question 47

When does fasting Hypoglycemia happen

Answer 47

Body produces too much insulin even when no food is eaten

Question 48

Management of diabetes

Answer 48

Diet Physical activity Medications such as insulin

Question 49

Hypothetical type 3 diabetes

Answer 49

Alzheimer’s