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Dermatology > Intro to dermatology > Flashcards

Intro to dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are some other structres associated with the skin?

A

glands, hair, nails, sensory structures

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2
Q

what are the 3 layers of skin?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • subcutaneous tissue
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3
Q

what is the function of subcutaneous tissue & what does it contain?

A
  • fat energy store
  • insulation
  • contains blood vessels & nerves
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4
Q

what is the function of the dermis?

A
  • a matrix of collagen & elastin fibres, surrounded by an extracellular gel-like substance
  • these fibres give skin its stregnth & elasticity
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5
Q

what is the epidermis made up of?

A
  • straified squamous epithelium
  • 3 cell types, but keratinocytes are main cell type, others are melanocytes & langerhans cells
  • 5 layers
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6
Q

where are keratinocytes formed and where do they migrate to?

A

originate in stratum basale and differentiate as they migrate out towards the surface, where they are shed

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7
Q

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A
  • stratum basale
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum
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8
Q

what is the function of melanocytes?

A

synthesise melanin, which is then transferred to keratinocytes to give protection against UV rays

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9
Q

what is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

process antigens & migrate to Lymph nodes to induce an immune response

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10
Q

does skin have ability to regenerate? if so, how come?

A

yes, because of stem cells found throughout hair follicles

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11
Q

detail nail anatomy

A
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12
Q

losing what part of nail anatomy is more likely to lead to infection?

A

cuticle

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13
Q

Describe the hair cycle

A
  • Anagen
  • 80-80% of hair
  • Catagen
  • 2-3week phase growth stops/follicle shrinks
  • 1-3% of hair
  • Telogen
  • resting phase for 1-4months
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14
Q

What are the most important functions of skin? (6)

A
  • Thermoregulation

–Insulation, Heat transfer (sweat)

•Skin immune system

–Innate (ie skin, macrophages & complement)

•Barrier

–Protects against Mechanical, Chemical, microorganisms, Ultraviolet light

–Keeps in water and Electrolytes, Macromolecules

•Sensation

–Temperature, touch and pain

  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Interpersonal Communication

–Physical appearance, smell, self -identity

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15
Q

What are the main 2 categories of skin disease and give examples of them

A
  • External - temperature, UV, chemical, infection
  • Internal - systemic disease, genetics, drugs, infection
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16
Q

What category is this an example of, and what is it called?

A
  • external cause- temperature (cold)
  • COLD URTICARIA
17
Q

When describing skin lesions, small refers to what size?

A

<5mm

18
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is a macule?

A

small circumscribed area

19
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is a patch?

A

a larger circumscribed area

20
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is a papule?

A

small raised area

21
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is a plaque?

A

larger raised area

22
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is a vesicle?

A

small fluid filled

23
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is a bulla?

A

large fluid filled

24
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is a pustule?

A

pustule = small pus filled

25
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is an abscess?

A

large pus filled

26
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is an erosion?

A

loss of epidermis

27
Q

When describing skin lesions, what is an ulcer?

A

loss of epidermis and dermis

28
Q

why do ulcers heal with scarring?

A

because they have dermal loss as well

29
Q

What is this & what can it represent ?

A

eruptive xanthoma - hyperlipidemia

30
Q

what are nails made of & where do they arise?

A

made of hardened keratin & arise from nail matrix, just under nail fold

31
Q

What is this & what is it seen in?

A
  • Myxedema
  • seen in thyroid skin disease
32
Q

in suspected bacterial infection, what investigations do you do?

A
  • Charcoal swab- plain cotton bud, rub on area of affected skin, looking for areas with exudate, bright ulcers etc
  • MC & S (microscopy, culture & sensitivty)
33
Q

In suspected viral infection, what investigations do you do?

A
  • viral swab for PCR
  • can swab vesicle / bulla if vesicular eruption, or pop with needle to get a swab of exudate
  • in systemic illness, take throat swab
34
Q

If fungal infection suspected, what investigation do you do?

A
  • skin scraping
  • nail clipping
  • hair sample
  • fungal cultures

Dermatology (11 decks)

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