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ADMH > Intro to Counselling > Flashcards

Intro to Counselling Flashcards

1
Q

What is rapport building?

A

Building a relationship with somebody.

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2
Q

What is attending?

A

Paying attention to them, their tone of voice, etc.

Making eye contact, eyes and body are engaged with the patient.

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3
Q

What is empathy?

A

Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes and being able to evoke those emotions.

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4
Q

How can you respect client self-determination?

A

Not speaking at them, but respecting their decision and choices. Giving them the freedom to make those decisions.

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5
Q

What are some things you may want to avoid when counselling?

A
  • Boundaries
  • Good self disclosures vs. bad self disclosures
  • Infantilizing
  • Imposing your opinions on them
  • Trivializing the problem
  • Assuming
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6
Q

What are the stages of change?

A

1) Pre-contemplation (don’t see a problem)
2) Contemplation (ambivalent; sometimes a problem)
3) Preparation (No plan yet but wants to start working on it)
4) Action (Choosing a treatment/strategy and acting on it)
5) Maintenance (keep up with good habits)
6) Relapse (returning to old lifestyle/behaviours)

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7
Q

What are the limitations of the stages of change model?

A
  • Ignores the social context in which change occurs, such as SES and income.
  • No set criteria of how to determine a person’s stage of change.
  • Assumes that individuals make coherent and logical plans in their decision=making process.
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8
Q

What are some examples of underlying issues?

A
  • Trauma
  • Life changes
  • Genetic dispositions
  • Learning disabilities
  • Social difficulties
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9
Q

What are professional ethics?

A

The principles and rules of acceptable or proper professional conduct.

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10
Q

What are values?

A

The principles or qualities that individuals and groups consider important or worthwhile.

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11
Q

What is absolute confidentiality?

A

Client disclosures are not shared with anyone.

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12
Q

What is relative confidentiality?

A

Information may be shared with supervisors, in court, or outside of the agency.
With client’s permission.

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13
Q

What is the “Circle of Care”?

A

Based on PHIPA - Includes other health care professionals who provide service to the client.
In a multi-disciplinary setting, consent is often assumed.

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14
Q

What are the exceptions to confidentiality?

A
  • Client poses a danger to self/others
  • Client needs to be hospitalized
  • Information is made an issue in a court action
  • Client requests a release of record
  • Purposes of contacting relative/friend if individual is ill/incapacitated and unable to give consent
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15
Q

What are the requirements for involuntary hospitalization?

A

1) Imminent risk
2) Acute suicide
3) Completion of Form 1

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16
Q

Does a signature on a form ensure consent?

A

No. You should go over the form with them because they might sign but not know what they signed.
If client is under 16, also need parental consent.

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17
Q

What does it mean to prevent harm in counselling?

A

Not getting too personally involved with the client, making the client dependent on you, forcing someone to talk about their trauma, etc.

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18
Q

What does it mean to be self-aware?

A

Being aware of our own values, biases, feelings, behaviors, thoughts, and personal needs.

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19
Q

What does it mean to work within competence?

A

Within your limits as measured by your training and professional standards.

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20
Q

What is the process of making ethical decisions?

A

1) Identify the issue
2) Review relevant codes/ethical guidelines
3) Seek consultation
4) Generate alternatives
5) List consequences
6) Choose and implement plan

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21
Q

What is the role of ethical codes?

A

Educate us about responsibilities, are a basis of accountability, protect clients, and assist with improving our practice.

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22
Q

What are the 3 core conditions for effective counselling according to Carl Rogers?

A

1) Warmth & unconditional positive regard
2) Empathy
3) Genuineness

23
Q

What is a counselling contract?

A

A negotiated agreement between a client and counsellor about counselling expectations, processes, and the responsibilities of each party.

24
Q

What is a relationship contract?

A
  • Defines the objectives/purpose of the relationship
  • Addresses the roles and expectations of the participants
  • Addresses the methods and routines of counselling
25
Q

What is a sessional contract?

A
  • Define the focus of the current session

- Direct attention to behavior, feelings, and thoughts about particular issues

26
Q

What is immediacy?

A

A tool for exploring, evaluating, and deepening the counselling relationship.

27
Q

What is relationship immediacy?

A

Refers to evaluating and discussing the general working climate of the relationship.
Often challenging.

28
Q

What is here-and-now immediacy?

A

Focuses on current interactions within the session.

I.e. I am wondering if when I challenged you about your affair, you felt angry with me?

29
Q

What is transference?

A

Refers to a client projecting feelings/thoughts onto their counsellor that are related to past experiences, interactions, or relationships.
Not necessarily connected to actual experiences with the therapist.
Often intense and can relate to positive or negative feelings.

30
Q

What is countertransference?

A

Occurs in the event of transference.

The tendency of counsellors to inappropriately transfer feelings and behaviours onto clients.

31
Q

What are signs of countertransference?

A
  • Intense feelings about client
  • Reluctance to discuss sensitive, difficult issues
  • Constantly running over time with same client
  • Dual relationship
  • Excessive self-disclosure
  • Reluctance to end relationship
32
Q

What is empowerment?

A

The process of helping clients discover personal strengths and capacities, so they’re able to take more control of their lives.
Leads to increased self-confidence, respect, sense of control.
No empowerment = Dependency!

33
Q

How can you find a client’s strengths?

A
  • Skills
  • Interests
  • Knowledge
  • Previous successes
  • Dreams and goals
  • Resilience
34
Q

What should be considered before boundary crossing?

A
  • Purpose
  • Cultural influences (i.e. food)
  • Policies of employer
  • Impact on client
35
Q

What is a dual relationship?

A

A relationship in which there’s a professional/counselling relationship AND another type of relationship.
I.e. Friendship, business, or sexual.

36
Q

What should be considered before self-disclosing?

A
  • Purpose
  • Is it going to help the client?
  • What is coming up for me that is making me want to self-disclose?
37
Q

What are the pros and cons of self-disclosing?

A

PROS: Reduces shame & isolation, illustrates a particular recovery strategy, and engenders hope.

CONS: Sense of failure is heightened if relapse, focus shifts to counsellor.

38
Q

What are the 4 steps for an effective interviewing style?

A

1) Empathic
2) Genuine
3) Direct
4) Hopeful

39
Q

What is the importance of listening?

A

Many clients come for services having had the experience of people not listening to them.
It communicates to the client that their thoughts, feelings, and experiences are important.

40
Q

What is the primary function of attending behavior? What are the secondary functions?

A

Primary: Encourages the other to talk.

Secondary: Communicates interest, increases awareness, and builds rapport.

41
Q

What are the basics of listening?

A 
3V+B
Visual/eye contact
Vocal qualities
Verbal tracking
Body language
42
Q

What is vocal quality?

A
  • Pitch
  • Volume
  • Rate
  • Emphasis
  • Breaks and hesitations
43
Q

What are some active listening skills?

A
  • Repeating
  • Paraphrasing
  • Silence
  • Clarification
  • Summarizing
  • Verbal tracking
44
Q

What is reflective listening?

A 
The use of statements instead of questions. 
It sounds like you...
I wonder if you are feeling...
It seems to you that...
So you...
45
Q

What is paraphrasing?

A

Statement in which you infer or draw together the meaning of what the client said and reflect it back to the client in different words.

46
Q

What are the possible meanings of client silence?

A
  • Thinking
  • Confused
  • Encountering painful feelings
  • Dealing with issues of trust
  • Their communication style
  • May have reached closure about this topic
47
Q

What is clarifying?

A

Checking in with the client about what they’ve said, through using their key words, adding your own words, and asking whether or not you’re accurate.

48
Q

What are the primary and secondary functions of using questions?

A

Primary: To open or close other’s talk.

Secondary: To bring out specifics of topics, gather info, assess situations effectively, guide interview, promote insight

49
Q

What is a leading question?

A
  • Have an answer embedded in the question.
  • Usually closed.
  • Client often responds by agreeing or saying what they think you want to hear.
  • i.e. Would you like to have a better relationship with your partner? What if the client doesn’t want a better relationship but they feel like they have to say yes.
50
Q

What is an interventive question?

A
  • Have an intervention embedded in the question.
  • Encourage clients to think differently about the problem/situation.
  • Tells them what they should do without being as direct.
  • i.e. What do you think would happen if…?
51
Q

What are some potential problematic uses of questions?

A
  • Excessive (feel like interrogation)
  • “Why” questions (May elicit defensiveness/shame)
  • Leading questions (manipulative)
52
Q

What is reflection of feeling?

A

A form of feedback/responding that emphasizes the emotional dimension of one’s experience.
I hear you saying that you’re feeling…
I’m wondering if when Bob gets angry with you, you feel…
Seems to me that you feel…

53
Q

What is emotional literacy?

A

The ability to experience all of one’s emotions with appropriate intensity and to understand what’s causing these feelings.

54
Q

What are some poor substitutes for empathy?

A
  • Rescuing
  • Placating
  • False reassurance
  • Giving advice
  • Premature problem solving

ADMH (8 decks)

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