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ADMH > Group Counselling > Flashcards

Group Counselling Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between individual and group counselling?

A

Individual: Private & confidential, flexible, more time dedicated to individual issues, may be more appropriate depending on disorder (i.e. Personality disorders).

Group: Positive peer support, feedback & modelling, less shame, cost effective, social support system, sense of belonging/purpose.

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2
Q

What are the 5 models for group counselling?

A

1) Psychoeducational group
2) Skills development group
3) Cognitive-behavioural group
4) Support group
5) Psychotherapeutic group

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3
Q

What is a Psychoeducational group?

A

Educating people about substance abuse (or other challenges).
Participant experience and knowledge is encouraged to be shared.
Facilitator imparts knowledge.

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4
Q

What is a skills development group?

A

Helping members learn skills needed to change their behaviour.
i.e. Anger management group, parenting skills.

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5
Q

What is a cognitive-behavioural group?

A

Help members learn to alter thoughts, feelings, actions that lead to behaviour that reduce the quality of life.

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6
Q

What is a support group?

A

Provides an opportunity to share information and feelings that can lead to or maintain alterations in behaviour.

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7
Q

What is a psychotherapeutic group?

A

Provides an environment in one can examine historical and interpersonal issues that lead to or maintain problematic thinking, feeling, and behaviour.
More intense and long-term.

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8
Q

What is the difference between open and closed groups?

A

Closed: Development of cohesion and interpersonal trust.

Open: May be easier to maintain a “critical mass”. May have logistical issues (members can enter at different times).

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9
Q

What are personal growth groups?

A

Closed group.
Focus on personal growth.
Assist members with developing self-esteem, self-awareness, build confidence, and help through a life transition.
I.e. Stress for adolescent girls, women who’ve experienced IPV.

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10
Q

What is the difference between homogeneous vs heterogeneous group?

A

Homo: Everyone is the same.

Hetero: All different

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11
Q

What are some things to consider when developing a homogeneous vs heterogeneous group?

A
  • Stages of change
  • Level of abstinence
  • Common purpose
  • Comparable goals
  • Modeling for group members in different stage of change
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12
Q

What are the 4 types of interventions for psychoeducational groups?

A

1) Educational Interventions
2) Affective Interventions
3) Behavioural Interventions
4) Cognitive Interventions

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13
Q

What are educational interventions?

A

Teach, inform, and educate group members. Correct misinformation and “myth busting”.

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14
Q

What are affective interventions?

A

Identify and name feelings. Learn how to explain intense emotions. Use active listening and paraphrasing skills.
Most of the time, fear underlies anger.

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15
Q

What are behavioural interventions?

A

Changing specific negative behaviours into more positive ones. Could include developing assertiveness skills or new ways to manage one’s anger.

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16
Q

What are cognitive interventions?

A

Confused thoughts, irrational beliefs, and negative self-talk in their minds. Changing these perceptions of themselves.

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17
Q

How can the Stages of Change model be applied for group counselling?

A
  • Focus on motivation enhancement, motivation for change.
  • Elicit change talk (desire, ability)
  • Motivational vs. confrontational approach
  • Motivation can be influenced, it is not a stable personality characteristic/trait
  • Motivation is “fluid”, influenced by time & strategic interventions
  • Group leaders should be empathetic and non-judgmental
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18
Q

What are the Stages of Change?

A

1) Pre-Contemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Relapse

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19
Q

Most often, ethical problems occur as a result of:

A
  • Leaders not being competent
  • Dual relationships
  • Confidentiality
  • Informing members about group
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20
Q

What are the 8 steps to making an ethical decision?

A

1) Acknowledge the problem/dilemma
2) Identify all the stakeholders
3) Identify relevant legal issues
4) Determine the values as stake
5) Review the Code of Ethics
6) Identify courses of action
7) Consult a supervisor
8) Decide on a course of action

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21
Q

What are some examples of mandated groups?

A

Court ordered
Correctional institutions
Residential treatment centres
Schools

22
Q

What does therapeutic process refer to?

A

Includes the stage of the group, group dynamics, and therapeutic forces at play.

23
Q

What does therapeutic content refer to?

A

Logically, the purpose or task(s) of the group.

24
Q

What can happen if there’s too much emphasis on process?

A

Result in getting little accomplished.

25
Q

What can happen if there’s too much emphasis on content?

A

Can result in lost opportunities for personal growth, and development of relationships and support between group members.

26
Q

What are some examples of research methods?

A
  • Surveys
  • Personal interviews
  • Community meetings/focus groups
  • Analysis of records
  • Observation
27
Q

What is a psychoeducational group?

A
  • Led by a trained group facilitator
  • Structured sessions
  • Group goals are clear
  • Participants share & learn from each other
  • Teach coping skills & self-awareness
28
Q

What is an intervention?

A

To change how group member’s behave within the group and their personal lives.

29
Q

What are the 4 types of interventions?

A

1) Educational interventions
2) Affective interventions
3) Behavioural interventions
4) Cognitive interventions

30
Q

What is an educational intervention?

A

Teach, inform, and educate group members. Correct misinformation & myth busting.

31
Q

What is an affective intervention?

A

Identify and name feelings. Learn how to explain intense emotions.

32
Q

What is a behavioural intervention?

A

Changing specific negative behaviours into more positive ones. Could include developing assertiveness skills or new ways to manage one’s anger.

33
Q

What is a cognitive intervention?

A

Confused thoughts, irrational beliefs, and negative self talk in their minds. Changing member’s perceptions of themselves.

34
Q

How can you tailor an educational intervention to an auditory learner? A visual learner? A kinesthetic learner?

A

Auditory: Music is a great tool to use!

Visual: Videos, diagrams, role plays, good at reading facial expressions.

Kinesthetic: Exercises, role plays, physical activities (field trips).

35
Q

What must facilitators avoid when conducting an affective intervention?

A
  • Emotion withdrawing
  • Giving advice
  • Shifting topics
  • Inappropriate self-disclosure
  • Rescuing techniques
36
Q

What are some examples of affective interventions?

A
  • Face charts
  • Journaling
  • Letting go of balloons
  • Fear in the hat
  • Alter-ego
  • Empty chair
37
Q

How do you OPEN an MI addictions group?

A

Open with the purpose of the group
Personal choice is emphasized
Environment is one of respect and encouragement
Non-confrontational nature of the group

38
Q

How can you use MI to handle reluctance?

A
  • Use empathic reflecting
  • Focus on statements consistent with the direction of the group
  • Validate personal choice
  • When dealing with a negative comment from a group member, emphasize the positive part or reframe it
  • Follow up with diplomatic, empathic reminder of group rules
  • Use “differential reinforcement”
  • Create a group decisional balance (reasons to change vs. reasons not to change)
  • Teach reflective listening skills
39
Q

When are behavioural interventions most effective?

A

When used with group members with the following characteristics:

  • Motivated by achieving goals
  • Have a specific goal in mind
  • Willing to actively engage in the change process
  • Members trust and respect each other
40
Q

What are the types of behavioural interventions?

A

1) Social Modelling
2) Behavioural Rehearsal
3) Reinforcements
4) Contracting

41
Q

What is social modelling?

A

Observing & imitating behaviours of others.

42
Q

What are the 2 types of social modelling?

A

Symbolic modelling: Group facilitators use an actor/video/story to demonstrate behaviour

Covert modelling: Group members visualize themselves or others demonstrating the desired behaviour

43
Q

What is behavioural rehearsal?

A

Rehearsing the desired change, often done by role playing.

Members learn from observation & each others’ feedback.

44
Q

What are the advantages for behavioural rehearsal?

A
  • The modelling takes place in a safe & supportive environment.
  • Facilitators can coach or prompt the desired behaviour.
  • Direct feedback.
  • Helps develop assertive language.
  • Ensures other members stay engaged.
45
Q

What is the behavioural intervention “reinforcements”?

A

Can include: Words, gestures, tokens, or an item of value to the group members.
Strengthens or changes a desired behaviour.
In order to bring long term change, positive self talk!!

46
Q

What is shaping vs. extinction?

A

Shaping: Reinforce the small steps to change a behaviour. Do not wait for “perfection”.

Extinction: Terminate the undesirable behaviour by withdrawing from all types of reinforcement. Note that the negative behaviour may increase before it decreases.

47
Q

What is contracting?

A

Can be shared or self-managed.
Should be SMART.
To make it more “official”, it should be signed by all parties.

48
Q

When are cognitive interventions most helpful?

A

When group discussions focus on managing anger, reducing anxiety/stress, enhancing self-esteem, alleviating depression, and overcoming phobias & sexual dysfunction.

49
Q

What is the ABCD analysis of cognitive interventions?

A

Activating the event
Belief about the activating event
Consequence of our belief
Disputing/dispelling the beliefs that are causing negative responses

Be aware of absolute words such as NEVER, ALWAYS, MUST

50
Q

What is cognitive restructuring?

A

The process of helping group members to change perspectives, thoughts, & attitudes from negative & harmful to positive & constructive.

51
Q

What does cognitive restructuring consist of?

A
  • Provide correct information
  • Change negative self-statements to positive
  • Coping thoughts
  • Reframing/relabelling
  • Thought stopping
52
Q

What are injunctions?

A

The messages we receive as children from our parents or other significant adults in our lives.
I.e. Boys don’t cry

ADMH (8 decks)

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