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ADMH > Diversity > Flashcards

Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between equality and equity?

A

Equality is giving everyone the same thing.

Equity is giving everyone access to the same opportunities.

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2
Q

How can we accomplish equity?

A
  • Highlight voices that are traditionally marginalized

- Address controversial/difficult topics such as sexism, gender & sexuality, racism, etc.

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3
Q

What is allostatic load?

A

The effect of chronic stress on the body and mind.

The “wear and tear” effect that results from chronic stressors in daily life.

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4
Q

What is culture?

A

The characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people.
A way of life - behaviours, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept - that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

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5
Q

What is enculturation?

A

The process by which a person is socialized into his/her primary culture.

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6
Q

What is acculturation?

A

Occurs as a person responds to the influence of the dominant second culture.

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7
Q

What are cultural dimensions?

A

Aspects of a culture that can be measured relative to other cultures.

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8
Q

What are some examples of cultural dimensions?

A
  • Individualism vs. Collectivism
  • High vs. Low power distance
  • Masculine vs. Feminine value societies
  • High-context vs. low-context cultures
  • Monochronic vs. Polychronic time
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9
Q

What is a high power distance culture? What is a low power distance culture?

A

High PDI: Power relations are paternalistic and autocratic, and where there’s centralized authority. There is a wide emotional distance.
Lower PDI: Emotional distance is relatively small. More democratic or consultative relations between expecting and accepting power.

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10
Q

What is a masculine vs. feminine value society?

A

Masculine: A society in which social gender roles are clearly distince.
Femininity: A society in which social gender roles overlap.

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11
Q

What is a social standpoint?

A

A position from which objects or principles are viewed and according to which they are compared and judged.
The inequalities of different social groups create differences in their standpoints.

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12
Q

What is a worldview?

A

Refers to the outlook concerning the nature of the universe, the nature of humankind, the relationship between humanity and the universe and other philosophical considerations that help us define the cosmos and our place in it.

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13
Q

What is race?

A

A grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.
Based on biological characteristics.

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14
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

Based on cultural characteristics.

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15
Q

What is mindsight?

A

A term used to describe our human capacity to perceive the mind of the self and others.
A focused attention that allows us to see the internal workings of our own minds.

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16
Q

What is discrimination?

A

An action or decision that results in the unfair or negative treatment of a person/group because of their race, age, religion, sex, etc.

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17
Q

What are some types of power?

A
  • Legitimate/formal
  • Coercive
  • Reward
  • Referent
  • Connection
  • Information
  • Expert
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18
Q

Prejudice + Discrimination + Institutional Power = ?

A

Oppression

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19
Q

What is the cycle of oppression?

A
  • Born into group membership
  • Taught interpretations of history, injustice, norms
  • Significant teachers
  • Reinforced and sanctioned by traditions, media, institutions
  • People “act out” prescribed roles
  • Maintain status quo
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20
Q

What are micro aggressions?

A

The brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioural, and environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights/insults.

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21
Q

What is the Johari Window?

A 
4 Quadrants
Known to others + Known to self
Known to others + Unknown to self
Unknown to others + Known to self
Unknown to others + Unknown to self
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22
Q

What is an ally?

A

Any person who supports, empowers, or stands up for another person or group.

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23
Q

What is an immigration society?

A

Defined as one that takes a principled and proactive approach to immigration and immigrants.

  • Policies and programs exist to regulate the entry of immigrants
  • Programs are in place to assist immigrants and settlement
  • Immigrants are entitled to all rights and privileges
  • Immigrants are viewed as n asset/resource
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24
Q

What are the stages of culture shock?

A

1) Honeymoon stage
2) Disintegration of familiar cues
3) Reintegration of new cues
4) Gradual adjustment continues
5) Reciprocal interdependence or biculturalism

25
Q

What is the immigrant identity model?

A

1) Compliance
2) Conflict
3) Defiance
4) Introspection & Accommodation
5) Adaptation & Integration

26
Q

What is the healthy immigrant effect?

A

The prevalence of common mental health problems is initially lower than in the general population, but over time, it increases to become similar to that in the general population.

27
Q

What is culture bound syndrome?

A

Refers to any one of a number of recurrent, locally-specific patterns of aberrant behaviour and experiences that appear to fall outside conventional Western psychiatric diagnostic categories.

28
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Using our own values and behaviours as our yardsticks for evaluating others.

29
Q

What is psychological liberation?

A

Occurs when clients discover that what they saw as a personal issue is not just “their problem”.
Begin to see that external racism, sexism, heterosexism, or other forms of oppression is the underlying cause of many of their concerns.

30
Q

What is the RESPECTFUL model?

A 
Religion
Economic background
Sexual identity
Personal style/education
Ethnic/racial identity
Chronical/lifespan status
Trauma/crisis
Family background
Unique physical characteristics 
Location of residence, language differences
31
Q

What is privilege?

A

Power given to people through cultural assumptions and stereotypes.

32
Q

What is infrahumanization or objectification?

A

Our tendency to see those that are racially different in simplistic, primitive stereotypes - more like animals/objects than people.

33
Q

What is EQ?

A

Defined simple as how well we, as individuals, manage ourselves in relationships with others.

34
Q

What are heuristics?

A

Mental shortcuts to keep out extaneous information and help us focus on what’s really important.

35
Q

What is empathy?

A

The ability to tune into the emotions of others, perceiving their thoughts, feelings, perspectives, and concerns.

36
Q

How are hierarchies supported in society?

A
  • Individual acts of discrimination
  • Institutional discrimination
  • Psychological distortions
  • Self-destructive behaviours
  • Cultural myths
37
Q

What is social power?

A

Global: Context dependent, seemingly static, associated with social norms, random.
i.e. Race, class, religion, gender.

Local: Context dependent, shifts rapidly, associated with local norms.
i.e. Seniority/position in group, adherence to norms, popularity.

38
Q

What is personal power?

A

Psychological: Life experience, emotional fluidity, communication skills, insight.

Spiritual: Connection to larger purpose, vision, knowledge of self and others, awareness of death/life.

39
Q

When are modern racists most likely to express their implicit negative attitudes and beliefs in the form of microaggressions?

A
  • Situational ambiguity
  • Ideological ambiguity
  • Failure to help instead of conscious desire to hurt
  • Availability of other explanatory options
40
Q

What are microinequities?

A

In the world of business, used to describe the pattern of being overlooked, underrespected, and devalued because of one’s gender/race.

41
Q

What is environmental microaggression?

A

Refers to the numerous demeaning and threatening social, educational, political, or economic cues that are communicated individually, institutionally, or societally to marginalized groups.
These cues do not necessarily involve interpersonal interactions.
I.e. “campus climate”

42
Q

What is a microassault?

A

Explicit racial derogations characterized primarily by a violent verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attach meant to hurt the victim.
i.e “Nigger”, or a swastika

43
Q

What is a microinvalidation?

A

Communications that exclude, negate, or nullify the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a person of color.
i.e. “I don’t see colour”

44
Q

What are the 3 possible responses to the process of adaptation?

A
  • Adjustment
  • Reaction
  • Withdrawal
45
Q

What is adjustment?

A

People make changes to reduce conflict and seek harmony with the environment and among cultural groups.

46
Q

What is reaction?

A

People try to change the environment and culture to suit their needs.

47
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

Migrants either want to reduce the pressure of environmental factors or are excluded by the host culture.

48
Q

What is psychological adaptation?

A

Refers to a set of internal psychological outcomes, including a clear sense of personal and cultural identity, good mental health and the achievement of personal satisfaction in the new cultural context.

49
Q

What is socio-cultural adaptation?

A

Refers to a set of external outcomes that link individuals to their new context, including their ability to deal with daily problems.

50
Q

What is acculturation?

A

Refers to mutual changes in both migrants and host society as the result of interaction.

51
Q

What are the 2 main factors that influence the directions or outcomes of acculturation?

A

1) State policies

2) Acculturation orientation of the host society

52
Q

National immigration and settlement policies are generally shaped within 1 of 4 clusters of state ideologies. What are they?

A

1) Pluralist
2) Civic
3) Assimilationist
4) Ethnist

53
Q

What is the pluralist ideology?

A
  • Expects that migrants adopt the public values of the host country.
  • The state has no mandate to define/regulate the private values of its citizens.
  • i.e. Canada
54
Q

What is the civic ideology?

A

Same as pluralist, however, also characterized by an official state policy of non-intervention in the private values of specific groups, including those of immigrant and ethno-cultural minorities.
i.e. Great Britain

55
Q

What is the assimilationist ideology?

A
  • Expects that migrants adopt the public values of the host country.
  • However, expects migrants to also abandon their own cultural/linguistic distinctiveness.
  • i.e. USA
56
Q

What is the ethnist ideology?

A

Shares the notions that migrants must adopt the public values of the host nation and that the state has a right to limit the expression of private values (like assimilationist).
However, the nation is composed of a kernel ancestral ethnic group determined by birth/kinship.
Migrants who do not share this kinship may never be accepted as legitimate citizens of the state.
i.e. Germany, Korea, Israel

57
Q

When do acculturation conflicts emerge?

A

When the acculturation orientations of the host community are different from those of migrants or when both groups experience partial agreement and partial disagreement.

58
Q

Describe each of the 5 stages of the Immigrant Identity Development Model.

A

1) Compliance: Strong desire to adapt and embrace the dominant culture.
2) Conflict: Realities of minority status and difficulties of blending in are experienced.
3) Defiance: Rejection of the dominant culture.
4) Introspection: Questioning of primary loyalty and responsibility to one’s own cultural group.
5) Adaptation: Accepted the multicultural ideal and begin to see themselves as hyphenated Canadians.

59
Q

Who is a refugee?

A

A person who, due to fear of being persecuted for race, religion, nationality, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable to avail himself of the protection of that country, or is unwilling to return to it.

ADMH (8 decks)

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