Intro to CNS Structures Flashcards
Fissure
a deep furrow or cleft
Sulcus
a groove on the surface of the brain
Gyrus
a prominent, rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebrum
Lateral Ventricles (2)
Frontal/anterior horn Body Temporal/inferior horn Occipital/posterior horn Atrium
4th Ventricle
Superior medullary velum
Inferior medullary velum
Lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka) (2)
Medial apertures (foramen of Magendie)
What is the function of the choroid plexus?
secretes CSF
What is a subfalcine herniation?
cingulate gyrus under falx cerebri
What is a central herniation?
brainstem toward foramen magnum
What is a transtentorial herniation?
medial temporal lobe thru tentorial notch
What is a tonsillar herniation?
cerebellar tonsils thru foramen magnum
What are the dural reflections?
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli- tentorial incisure/notch
falx cerebelli
diaphragma sellae
What makes up the ventricular system of the brain?
lateral ventricles (2) interventricular foramen (of Monro) 3rd ventricle cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) 4th ventricle central canal of the spinal cord choroid plexus
What is the corpus callosum?
nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres
Rostral
toward the nose
Caudal
toward the tail
Where does the change in angle of the brain occur?
At the midbrain
What are Brodmann’s areas?
a map of the cerebral cortex based on cellular architecture
What makes up the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
How is the brain divided?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem
What makes up the cerebrum?
cerebral hemisphere
diencephalon
What makes up the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
CNs
What makes up the diencephalon?
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus (pineal gland) Subthalamus Mamillary bodies
What makes up the cerebral hemisphere?
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala
What makes up the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus
lenticular nucleus
What makes up the cerebral cortex?
frontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe limbic lobe
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Higher cognitive functions
Control of voluntary movements
Motor area for speech
What makes up the frontal lobe?
Superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri Superior and inferior frontal sulci Precentral sulcus and gyrus Gyrus rectus Olfactory bulb Olfactory gyri Cingulate sulcus Anterior paracentral lobule Orbital Part Triangular Opercular
What is the primary motor cortex?
Precentral gyrus
What is the function of the superior and middle frontal gyri?
premotor/supplementary motor cortex
What makes up the inferior frontal gyrus?
Opercular
Triangular
Orbital
What is the motor area for speech (Broca Area)?
Inferior gyrus:
Opercular and Triangular
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Conscious sensation Association cortices (i.e. puts sensations together to form a concept)
What makes up the parietal lobe?
postcentral sulcus postcentral gyrus intraparietal sulcus superior parietal lobule inferior parietal lobule precuneus posterior paracentral lobule
What is the function of the postcentral gyrus? What Brodmann’s areas correspond to it?
Primary sensory cortex
Brodmann’s Areas 1, 2, & 3
Which part of the parietal lobe is important for the sensory aspect of language?
superior parietal lobule
What makes up the inferior parietal lobule?
supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus
What is the function of the temporal lobule?
comprehension of language
What makes up the temporal lobe?
temporal gyri
lateral occipitotemporal/fusiform gyrus
What is the primary auditory cortex (Wernicke’s area)?
superior temporal gyrus
What are the temporal gyri?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Vision
Interpretation of visual images
What makes up the occipital lobe?
preoccipital notch calcaine fissure striate cortex cuneus lingual gyrus
What is the primary visual cortex?
Striate cortex
What is Brodmann’s area 17 and what is its function?
Striate cortex; primary visual cortex
What is function of the limbic lobe?
Emotion, drives, memory
What makes up the limbic lobe?
hippocampus amygdala cingulate sulcus cingulate gyrus uncus parahippocampal gyrus
What are the “5 F’s” of the limbic lobe?
Feeding Feeling Fighting Flight Fornication
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
precise control of voluntary movement
What makes up the lateral wall of the ventricular system?
caudate nucleus
What makes up the lenticular nuclei?
putamen
globus pallidus
What is the function of the thalamus?
transmits all sensation (except olfaction) to cerebral cortex
What is the role of the epithalamus (pineal gland)?
sleep/wake cycle
What is the function of the cerebellum?
processes sensory information to regulate movement
What makes up the cerebellum?
vermis
cerebellar hemispheres
cerebellar tonsils
What is the function of the brainstem?
homeostasis
sensory, motor and ANS innervation of head and neck
special senses
What makes up the midbrain?
tectum - superior and inferior colliculi
tegmentum - cerebral peduncles
