Intro to Biotech

Question 1

Study involving the manipulation of living organisms and organic material to serve human needs

Answer 1

biotechnology

Question 2

Sources of R&D funding

Answer 2

public (gov’t) and private (companies and foundation)

Question 3

discovers bacteria using a simple microscope

Answer 3

Antony van Leeuwoenhoek (1675)

Question 4

Austrian monk who conducted the first genetics experiments using pea plants in the mid 1800s; founder of genetics

Answer 4

Gregory Mendel (1863)

Question 5

Disproved the notion of spontaneous generation, describing the role of bacteria in spoilage and the scientific basis of fermentation;
created rabies vaccine

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur (1870’s)

Question 6

Invented the compound light microscope and was the first to observe cells in cork

Answer 6

Robert Hooke (1665)

Question 7

Englishmen responsible for the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA using x-ray photographs

Answer 7

James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)

Question 8

Stanford Univ. scientist who first developed recombinant DNA tech

Answer 8

Paul Berg (1972)

Question 9

recombinant DNA tech

Answer 9

method of insertion of genetic material from one organism into another, allowing more rapid and specific improvements in plants and animals

Question 10

Physiologist from Cambridge Univ. who invented and practiced the first human IVF and won a Noble PRize in 2010

Answer 10

Robert Edwards (1978)

Question 11

Cloned the first mammal “Dolly” with somatic nuclear transfer tech (SCNT)

Answer 11

Ian Wilmut (1996)

Question 12

Represented efforts from private and public sector to complete the first draft of human genome sequence

Answer 12

Craig Venter and Francis Collins (2000)

Question 13

Discovered DNA in trout sperm

Answer 13

German Miescher

Question 14

Who first used the word “biotechnology?”

Answer 14

Hungarian agricultural engineer (1919)

Question 15

When did the US Supreme court approved the patenting of genetically altered organisms?

Answer 15

1980

Question 16

Biotechnology technique that gained widespread acceptance as a method to quickly and cheaply produce genetically identical plants

Answer 16

plant tissue culture

Question 17

Which bacterium’s gene was used to introduce natural insect resistance to bt corn and soybeans?

Answer 17

Bacillus thuringensis

Question 18

Who is the first animal cloned from diploid cells in Scotland?

Answer 18

Dolly

Question 19

Method that uses natural organisms to clean contaminants

Answer 19

bioremediation

Question 20

Biotech activity in plant, animal, environmental and health/agri science

Answer 20

Plant sci: wide scale production of transgenic plants
Animal sci: increased use of IVF and artificial insemination to improve select breeds
Env. sci: Bioremediation
Health/Agri-med: pharming and use of biological barriers, DNA analysis/paternity testing

Question 21

Problems with Biotech

Answer 21

• Transfer of genes found transgenic organisms to natural populations (terminator genes used to minimize risk)
• Unexpected impacts of GMO and biotech processes on other organisms and env.
• Expense of biotech techniques
• Concerns over safety and ethics of GMO’s in human food (ex: allergens; Starlink corn in taco shells)
• Lack of education among both consumers and producers