Biomechanics 2 Flashcards
Continuum mechanics
mechanical behavior of solids and fluids on a scale in w/c their physical properties can be defined by continuous or piecewise continuous functions in a material continuum, the densities of mass, momentum, and energy can be defined at a point
Conservation of laws
mass, momentum, energy
Functions of the heart
- generating blood pressure - req. for blood flow
- routing blood (2 pumps)
- regulating blood supply - adjust by changing rate and force of heart contractions
stroke volume equation
SV = EDV-ESV
machine that provides cardiac and respiratory support oxygen to patients and has Veno-Arterial and Veno-Venus formats
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
principles of sphygmomanometry
cuff inflated until brachial artery compressed and blood flow stopped and pressure is slowly decreased until a sound is first heard then disappears
measurements used in the diagnosis and treatment of carb. metabolism disorders including diabetes mellitus, neonatal hypoglycemia..etc
glucose measurements
types of lipoprotein
chylomicrons, VLDL,LDL and HDL
desirable range of cholesterol
<200 mg/dL
effects of monounsaturated fat on cholesterol
lowers LDL, raises HDL
effects of polyunsaturated fat on cholesterol
lowers LDL, raises HDL
effects of saturated fat on cholesterol
raises both LDL and HDL
effects of trans fat on cholesterol
raises LDL
hereditary cause of hypercholesterolemia
codominant genetic disorder occuring in heterozygous form - results in elevated levels of LDL at birth
hereditary cause of familial combined hyperlipidemia
autosomal dominant- increased secretions of VLDL’s
lipid panel that measures HDL and total cholesterol
nonfasting lipid panel
lipid panel that measures HDL, total cholesterol and trigylcerides; LDL cholesterol is calculated
fasting lipid panel
Optimal lipids
LDL - <150
produced by xanthine oxidase from xanthine and hypoxanthin which in turn are produced from purine
uric acid
reasons of hyperuricema
produce too much uric acid or unable to excrete enough uric acid into urine
caused by excess serum accumulation of uric acid which results to needle-like crystals of uric acid precipitating in joints and capilarries
gout
the absorption of light is proportional to the conc. of sample
beer’s law
absoprtion is proportional to the thickness of a sample
lambert’s law
principles of pulse ox
- based on the differential absorption of light by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemo.
- the oxyhemo allows red light to transmit through and absorbs more infrared light while deoxyhemo allows infrared to transmit through and absorbs more red light
measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
pulse oximetry
complications with pulse ox
- hypoperfusion - not enough blood in capillary bed
- site is too cold
- patient movement
- nail polish
- carbon monoxide poisoning, hemoglobin gets saturated with other compounds other than oxygen
classified as a non-contact thermometer since they don’t need to be in contact with the object being monitored; they work based on infrared emissions
IR emission thermometer
basic working principle of IR emission thermometers
principle that all objects whose temp is above the absolute zero radiate electromagnetic waves whose spectrum is associated to its surface temp
- sensor monitors temp of detector; detector gets the radiative heat transfer of the object’s surface
- based on stefan-boltzmann law
