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Medicine year 1 semester 1 > Intro to anatomy > Flashcards

Intro to anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing upright. Head and feet directed forwards. Arm adjacent to side with palms facing forward. Legs close together with feet parallel. Penis erect

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2
Q

Median plane

A

A vertical plane passing through the middle of the body dividing it into right and left halves.

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3
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical planes which are parallel to the median plane

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4
Q

Paramedian plane

A

A plane parallel and near the median plane

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5
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal planes that pass through the body at a right angle to the median and frontal plane, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower parts)

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6
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Considers the body organised into segments and parts

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7
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Body as organised in organ systems

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8
Q

Surface anatomy

A

information about structures that can be observed or palpated

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9
Q

Radiographic, sectional and endoscopic anatomy

A

Appreciation of structures in living people as its affected by muscle tone, body fluid, pressure and gravity

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10
Q

Superior

A

direction nearest the top of the body

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11
Q

Cranial

A

towards the head

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12
Q

Inferior

A

direction towards sole of feet

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13
Q

Caudal

A

Towards feet

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14
Q

Rostral

A

Used instead of anterior when describing parts of the brain

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15
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

towards back of the body

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16
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

towards the front of the body

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17
Q

Medial

A

Near the median plane of the body

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18
Q

Lateral

A

Location farthest away from the median plane

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19
Q

Superficial, intermediate, deep

A

the position of structures relative to the surface of the body i.e. skin is superficial, muscles are intermediate, bone is deep.

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20
Q

External

A

Farther away from the centre of an organ or cavity, independent of direction

21
Q

Internal

A

Closer to the centre of an organ or cavity, independent of direction

22
Q

Proximal and distal

A

When contrasting positions nearer to or farther from the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear structure, E.g. The fingers are distal to the wrist, which is distal to the elbow, which is distal to the shoulder.

23
Q

Dorsum

A

The superior aspect of any body part that protrudes from the body, such as the dorsum of the foot. It is also used to describe the posterior surface of the hand, opposite the palm.

24
Q

Unilateral

A

One side

25
Q

Bilateral

A

Two sides

26
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

27
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides of the body

28
Q

Flexion

A

Bending or decreasing the angle between parts of the body

29
Q

Extension

A

Straightening or increasing the angle between parts of the body

30
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexing of the ankle joint i.e. walking uphill

31
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Bending foot and toe towards the ground, i.e. standing on your toes

32
Q

Elevation

A

Moving a body part in the superior direction

33
Q

Deppresion

A

Moving a body part in the inferior direction

34
Q

Eversion

A

Rotating the ankle so that the sole of the foot points away from the other

35
Q

Inversion

A

Rotating the ankle so the sole of the foot points towards the other.

36
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a limb away from the medial line, for fingers this would mean spreading them apart

37
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a limb towards the centre line of the body, for fingers and toes this would mean bringing the spread of digits together

38
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces down if the forearm is flexed. Means lowering the medial margin of the foot i.e. flat feet

39
Q

Supination

A

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces up if the forearm is flexed. Means raising the medial margin of the foot

40
Q

Refraction

A

Posterior movement of the arm at the shoulder, towards the back of the body

41
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement, towards the front of the body, of the arm at the shoulder

42
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Bending the spine to the side away from the medial line of the body

43
Q

Opposition

A

moving the pad of your thumb towards another digit

44
Q

Reposition

A

Moving your thumb from opposition to its normal position.

45
Q

Protusion

A

Movement of chin, lips and tongue forwards

46
Q

Retrusion

A

Movement backwards of chin, lips and tongues

47
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement involves sequential flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction.

48
Q

Rotation

A

Moving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis, medial rotation brings the limb closer to the median plane and lateral (external) rotation takes it away

Medicine year 1 semester 1 (44 decks)

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