intro to anatomy

Question 1

levels of organisation

Answer 1

atoms
molecules
macromolecules
cells
tissues
organs
systems
organisms

Question 2

4 types of tissues

Answer 2

connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous

Question 3

function of respiratory system

Answer 3

provides O2 needed for oxidation (energy provision)

Question 4

function of gastrointestinal tract

Answer 4

breaks down nutrients, pass to liver via portal vein

Question 5

function of endocrine/nervous system

Answer 5

co-ordinates organ system activity by hormones or electrical signals

Question 6

function of cardiovascular system

Answer 6

pumps blood around the body (delivers O2/nutrients and removes CO2/waste)

Question 7

function of renal system

Answer 7

controls the contents of extracellular fluid

Question 8

function of musculoskeletal system

Answer 8

locomotion, maintenance of posture, breathing + protection

Question 9

function of cavities

Answer 9

most organs are located in cavities, typically to protect them

Question 10

cranial cavity

Answer 10

formed by bones of the skull

Question 11

cranial cavity contents

Answer 11

-brain

Question 12

thoracic cavity

Answer 12

formed by ribs/intercostal muscles, sternum (front), thoracic spine (back), root of neck + diaphragm

Question 13

thoracic cavity contents

Answer 13

-trachea, 2 bronchi + 2 lungs
-heart, aorta, superior/inferior vena cava + many other blood vessels
-lymph vessels/nodes
-some important nerves (vagus, phrenic etc.)

Question 14

mediastinum

Answer 14

space between lungs (contains heart, oesophagus + blood vessels)

Question 15

abdominal cavity

Answer 15

formed by diaphragm, anterior/lateral/posterior abdominal wall (muscle), lumbar spine + lower ribs (continuous with pelvic cavity)

Question 16

abdominal cavity contents

Answer 16

-stomach, S.intestine + most of L.intestine
-liver, gall bladder, bile ducts + pancreas
-spleen
-2 kidneys + upper parts of ureters
-2 adrenal glands
-numerous blood vessels, lymph vessels/nodes + nerves

Question 17

pelvic cavity

Answer 17

formed by pelvis, sacrum/coccyx + pelvic floor (continuous with abdominal cavity)

Question 18

pelvic cavity contents

Answer 18

-sigmoid colon, rectum + anus
-some loops of S.intestine
-urinary bladder, urethra + lower parts of ureters
-reproductive system of males+females

Question 19

skeletal system

Answer 19

axial skeleton + appendicular skeleton (bones: 214 in adults; 350 in infants)

Question 20

axial skeleton

Answer 20

80/214 bones; skull, ossicles of middle of ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column + thoracic cage

Question 21

appendicular skeleton

Answer 21

134/214 bones; shoulder, arm/hands, pelvic + legs/feet

Question 22

deltoid

Answer 22

shoulder muscles

Question 23

pectoral

Answer 23

chest muscles

Question 24

biceps

Answer 24

front upper arm muscle (bend elbow)

Question 25

quadriceps

Answer 25

front thigh muscle (straighten leg)

Question 26

abdominals

Answer 26

stomach muscle

Question 27

trapezius

Answer 27

upper back muscle (shrugging)

Question 28

latissimus dorsi

Answer 28

back muscle

Question 29

gluteals

Answer 29

buttock muscle

Question 30

hamstrings

Answer 30

back thigh muscle (bend knee)

Question 31

gastrocnemius

Answer 31

calf muscles

Question 32

triceps

Answer 32

back upper arm muscle (straighten elbow)