intro to anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

levels of organisation

A

atoms
molecules
macromolecules
cells
tissues
organs
systems
organisms

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2
Q

4 types of tissues

A

connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous

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3
Q

function of respiratory system

A

provides O2 needed for oxidation (energy provision)

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4
Q

function of gastrointestinal tract

A

breaks down nutrients, pass to liver via portal vein

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5
Q

function of endocrine/nervous system

A

co-ordinates organ system activity by hormones or electrical signals

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6
Q

function of cardiovascular system

A

pumps blood around the body (delivers O2/nutrients and removes CO2/waste)

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7
Q

function of renal system

A

controls the contents of extracellular fluid

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8
Q

function of musculoskeletal system

A

locomotion, maintenance of posture, breathing + protection

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9
Q

function of cavities

A

most organs are located in cavities, typically to protect them

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10
Q

cranial cavity

A

formed by bones of the skull

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11
Q

cranial cavity contents

A

-brain

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12
Q

thoracic cavity

A

formed by ribs/intercostal muscles, sternum (front), thoracic spine (back), root of neck + diaphragm

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13
Q

thoracic cavity contents

A

-trachea, 2 bronchi + 2 lungs
-heart, aorta, superior/inferior vena cava + many other blood vessels
-lymph vessels/nodes
-some important nerves (vagus, phrenic etc.)

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14
Q

mediastinum

A

space between lungs (contains heart, oesophagus + blood vessels)

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15
Q

abdominal cavity

A

formed by diaphragm, anterior/lateral/posterior abdominal wall (muscle), lumbar spine + lower ribs (continuous with pelvic cavity)

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16
Q

abdominal cavity contents

A

-stomach, S.intestine + most of L.intestine
-liver, gall bladder, bile ducts + pancreas
-spleen
-2 kidneys + upper parts of ureters
-2 adrenal glands
-numerous blood vessels, lymph vessels/nodes + nerves

17
Q

pelvic cavity

A

formed by pelvis, sacrum/coccyx + pelvic floor (continuous with abdominal cavity)

18
Q

pelvic cavity contents

A

-sigmoid colon, rectum + anus
-some loops of S.intestine
-urinary bladder, urethra + lower parts of ureters
-reproductive system of males+females

19
Q

skeletal system

A

axial skeleton + appendicular skeleton (bones: 214 in adults; 350 in infants)

20
Q

axial skeleton

A

80/214 bones; skull, ossicles of middle of ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column + thoracic cage

21
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

134/214 bones; shoulder, arm/hands, pelvic + legs/feet

22
Q

deltoid

A

shoulder muscles

23
Q

pectoral

A

chest muscles

24
Q

biceps

A

front upper arm muscle (bend elbow)

25
quadriceps
front thigh muscle (straighten leg)
26
abdominals
stomach muscle
27
trapezius
upper back muscle (shrugging)
28
latissimus dorsi
back muscle
29
gluteals
buttock muscle
30
hamstrings
back thigh muscle (bend knee)
31
gastrocnemius
calf muscles
32
triceps
back upper arm muscle (straighten elbow)