Intro to aa

Question 1

Which two amino acids do not have a corresponding tranaminase?

Answer 1

T, K

Question 2

What are the functions of transaminiases?

Answer 2

Tranform amino acids into their alpha-keto acids and back.

Question 3

What is required for all transaminase reactions?

Answer 3

Vitamin B6 (PLP)

Question 4

True or false, tranamination reactions are freely reversible

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the precursor for alanine?

Answer 5

Pyruvate

Question 6

Which reaction does ALT catalyze?

Answer 6

pyruvate to alanine (via E +aKG)

Question 7

What is a major reason ALT is important?

Answer 7

It allows muscles to transport pryruvate as an alanine to the liver during fasting. Pyruvate can then be used in gluconeogenesis.

Question 8

What is the enzyme AST used for?

Answer 8

To catalyze the reaction from OAA to D (via E/aKG)

Question 9

How is asparagine made?

Answer 9

From aspartate via ATP + E and asparagine synthase

Question 10

Where is AST primarily found?

Answer 10

liver, cardiac and skeletal muscles, kidneys

Question 11

Where is ALT primarily found?

Answer 11

Liver –this is why it is diagnostic for liver damage.

Question 12

What does secretin cause the release of?

Answer 12

HCO3

Question 13

What does cholecystokinin cause the release of?

Answer 13

Digestive enzymes

Question 14

Which enzymes are activated by entreopeptidase?

Answer 14

Chymotripsin
Elastase
Carboxypeptidase

Question 15

What is the ratio of poly peptides to free amino acids after degradation by pancreatic proteases?

Answer 15

60/40

Question 16

Hartnup disease is the result of what? What are the symptoms? How is it treated>

Answer 16

Cannot uptake large, neutral amino acids
Results in pellegra due to no niacin
Treatment with niacin and large protein diet.

Question 17

Celiac disease is caused by an immune reaction to what part of gluten?

Answer 17

Alpha gliadin

Question 18

The body has how much free amino acids in the free amino acid pool?

Answer 18

100 g

Question 19

aKG and OAA are precursors to what amino acids?

Answer 19

PRENDQ

Question 20

pyruvate and 3PG are precursors for which amino acids?

Answer 20

AS

Question 21

Glutamate dehydroenase gets its amino group from where?

Answer 21

Free ammonium ion

Question 22

Glutamine synthetase gets its amino group from where?

Answer 22

Free ammonium ion

Question 23

ALT forms what from what

Answer 23

Alanine from Pyruvate

Question 24

Where does N get its amine from?

Answer 24

Q

Question 25

Homocysteine uria is a problem with what enzyme? Symptoms? Treatment?

Answer 25

Cystathione beta-synthase.
Lens dislocation, osteoporosis, MR, thromboembolism
Low M, high S diet,

Question 26

PKU is a problem with which two enzymes? Symptoms?

Answer 26

Either F-hydrolase or DHBtn reductase

MR, SZs, hypopigmentation