Clinical biochem Flashcards
What are the main components of the ECF?
Na, K, BIcarb, phophate, Ca
What the the primary ion in the ECM?
Na
ALK phos is elevated in what two conditions?
Liver and bone disease
What are reasons for hypokalemia? Hyperkalemia?
GI/kidney issues.
Hyper= kidney failure
BUN measures what? What is elevated BUN indicative of (if protein catabolism and intake are normal).
Blood urea nitrogen –the level of urea in the blood.
Kidney failure
Where is bilirubin found in prehepatic heme issues?
Unconjugated in the blood. Urine and feces have normal amounts
Where is bili found in hepatic heme issues?
Blood. Very little found in urine/feces
Where is billi found in post hepatic heme issues?
Blood and urine. Feces have very little.
Low albumin levels are indicative of what?
Liver damage
Name the order of appearance for each of the serum markers (myoglobin, troponin, AST, CK-MB,
Myoglobin, Troponin, CK-MB, AST, LDH
MTCAL
A high serum AST level and low ALT level is indicative of what?
Muscle or heart damage—NOT liver
How will liver damage affect AST and ALT levels?
Both rise.
What are 4 important tests of the urine talk about in class? What are each indicative of?
Glucose - hyperglycemia
Ketones- starvation/DKA
Proteins - kidney damage
Bilirubin - liver damage or gall stones
What are three commonly used tests for DM patients?
HBA1c
Protein uria (kidney damage)
C-peptide (measures insulin)
What are the four things a BMP tests for?
kidney function
BG
Acid/base
electrolytes
