Amino acid catabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Which amino acids are ketogenic?

A

L and K

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2
Q

Which amino acids are broken down into OAA?

A

N D

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3
Q

Which amino acids are broken down into Fumarate?

A

W Y F

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4
Q

Which amino acids are broken down into succinyl-coa?

A

V I T M

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5
Q

Which amino acids can be broken down into aKG?

A

R H G P

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6
Q

Which amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic?

A

T W I F Y

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7
Q

What reaction does glutamate dehydrogenase catalyze? Why is this important?

A

the reaction from E to aKG. This is important since aKG is needed as an ammonium ion acceptor for aminotransferases.

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8
Q

What is glutamate dehyrdorgenase regulated by?

A

It is inhibited by GTP and NADH

It is activated by ADP

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9
Q

What is familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HHF6)?

A

Hypoglycemiaand hyperammonemia after high protein meals due to caused by an insensitivity of Glutamate dehydro to GTP. Also reduces N-acetylglutamate synthesis (activator of urea cycle)

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10
Q

Which amino acids can be broken down to make pyruvate?

A

GACS

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11
Q

What is Glyoxalate formed from? Go to?

A

Formed from G, goes to Oxalate

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12
Q

What happens to Oxalate? What does it lead to?

A

It is a garbage molecule excreted through kidneys. Attaches to Ca, causes renal stones

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13
Q

G is cleaved in the mitochondira by what important carbon acceptor?

A

THF

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14
Q

N gets its ammonium from where?

A

Ammonium ion

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15
Q

Q gets its ammonium from where?

A

Ammonium ion

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16
Q

Biotin is needed for which reaction?

A

Propionyl-CoA to Succinyl-CoA

17
Q

Defects in Propionyl-Coa caboxylase will result in what condition?

A

Propionic acidemia

18
Q

Defects in racemase in the propionyl-CoA rxn will result in what condition?

A

D-methylmalonic aciduria

19
Q

Defects in mutase in the propionyl-CoA will result in what condition?

A

L-Methylmalonic acid uria

20
Q

What protein binds to B12 in the intestine?

A

Intrinsic factor

21
Q

What transports the intrinsic factor-B12 across the intestines?

A

Transcolabamin

22
Q

Pernicious anemia is the result of what?

A

Practical or actual B12 deficiency

23
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is the result of what? Symptoms?

A

Deficiency of Vit B12 and no Homocystiene to M reaction.

Prevents DNA replication

24
Q

Why does demyelination occur in B12 deficiency?

A

Impairment of the Methylmalonyl-CoA reaction (used to think, now different)

25
Q

Branched chain V is turned to what?

A

alpha ketoisovalerate, then to propionyl-Coa

26
Q

Branch chain Isoleucine is turned to what?

A

alpha-keto-beta-methylglutarate

Propionyl-Coa
Acetyl-Coa

27
Q

Branched chain Leucine is converted to what?

A

alpha-ketoisoproate

Acetyl-Coa
Acetoacetate

28
Q

Tyrosenemia II is a defect in what enzyme? Symptoms?

A

Tyrosine aminotransferase

Keratitis, photophobia, skin leisions

29
Q

Alkaptonuria is a defect in what enzyme? Symptoms?

A

Homogentisate oxidase. Black urine, Ochronosis

30
Q

What is the treatment for someone with Alkaptonuria?

A

lower F and Y levels, and admin Nitisione (inhibits p-hydoxyphenylpyruvate)

31
Q

Tyrosenmia I is a defect in what enzyme? Symptoms?

A

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase

Liver and kidney failure due to succinylacetone formation.