Intro to A & P Flashcards
Define anatomy
the study of internal and external structure and the physical relationships between body parts
Define physiology
the study of how living organsims perform their vital functions
Define pathophysiology
the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions when diseased
Explain the chemical level of organization of the body
the simplest level of organization
Explain the cellular level of organization of the body
molecules combine to create the structures necessary for a cell to form, cells are the smallest living units in the body
Explain the tissue level of organization of the body
cells working together to perform a specific function create tissue
Explain the organ level of organization of the body
two or more tissues working together to perform a specific task
Explain the organ system level of organization of the body
two or more organs working together to accomplish a task
Explain the organism level of organization of the body
all the organ systems working together to maintain life
State the function of the integumentary system
protection from hazards, temperature regulation
State the function of the skeletal system
provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, forms blood
State the function of the muscular system
allows for locomotion, provides support, produces heat
State the function of the nervous system
responds to stimuli by coordinating activities of other organ systems
State the function of the endocrine system
directs long term changes in activities of other organ systems
State the function of the cardiovascular system
transports cells and dissolved minerals
State the function of the lymphatic system
defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream
State the function of the repiratory system
delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and blood
State the function of the digestive system
processes food and absorbs nutrients
State the function of the urinary system
eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products
State the function of the reproductive system
produces sex cells and hormones
Define homeostasis
to keep a stable environment
Homeostatic mechanisms must have
a receptora control centeran effector
Define negative feedback mechanisms pertaining to homeostasis
an automatic response that negates or opposes the stimulus
Define positive feedback mechanisms pertaining to homeostasis
initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus
Describe the anatomical position
facing youhands at the sidepalms forwardfeet together
Explain how the four quadrants of the abdomen are divided
lines pass through the umbilicus at right angles
List the organs in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)
liverright kidneycolonpancreasgallbladder
List the organs in the left upper quadrant (LUQ)
liverspleenleft kidneystomachcolonpancreas
List the organs in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)
colonsmall intestinesmajor artery and vein to the right legureterappendix
List the organs in the lower left quadrant (LLQ)
colonsmall intestinemajor artery and vein to the left legureter
Define midline
divides the body into left and right halves
Define supine
lying on the back
Define prone
lying on the abdomen and chest
Define deep
farther from the body surface
Define superficial
closer to the body surface
Define distal
away from an attached base
Define proximal
toward an attached base
Define anterior
the front
Define posterior
the back
Define medial
towards the midline
Define lateral
away from the midline
Define superior
towards the head
Define inferior
away from the head
Define flexion
bending
Define extension
straightening
Define axillary
in line with the armpit
Define mid clavicular
midway down the clavicle
Define umbilicus
anatomical name for the navel
Define abduction
movement away from the midline
Define adduction
movement towards the midline
Define peri
prefix meaning around
Define supra
prefix meaning above
Define infra
prefix meaning below
Define intra
prefix meaning inside
Define inter
prefix meaning between
List the organs of the ventral cavity
heartlungstracheaesophaguslarge blood vesselsnervesgi tractkidneysadrenal glandsurogenital systemrectum
List the organs of the dorsal cavities
brainspinal cord
Define trunk
central part of the body from which extend the neck and limbs, the torso
Define flank
lower back
