Cellular A&P

Question 1

List the organic molecules that make up the cell membrane

Answer 1

phospholipidsproteinscholesterolcarbohydrates

Question 2

State the function of phospholipids in the cell membrane

Answer 2

permit lipid soluble materials to easily enter or leave the cell by diffusion

Question 3

State the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane

Answer 3

decreases the fluidity of the membrane making it more stable

Question 4

State the function of proteins in the cell membrane

Answer 4

form pores or openings to permit passage of materials, enzymes that help substances enter the cell, indentify the cells as ‘self’, serve as receptor sites for hormones

Question 5

State the function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane

Answer 5

serve as markers, help identify certain substances, determine blood groups, provide binding sites for certain toxins, allows sperm to recognize the egg, determines cellular life span, serves in the immune system, helps guide embryonic development

Question 6

Eplain the term lipid bilayer

Answer 6

refers to the two layers phospholipids that make up the cell wall; the polar heads of the phospholipids are hydrophilic and interacts with the water inside and outside the cell, the non polar tails of the phospholipids is hydrophobic and oppose the water, in the cell wall they are attracted to each other

Question 7

Define cytoplasm

Answer 7

the fluid of a cell containing minerals, gases, and organic molecules

Question 8

Describe how the cell membrane regulates the composition of the cytoplasm

Answer 8

the cell membrane is selectively permeable

Question 9

Define nucleus

Answer 9

control center of the brain containing chromosomes

Question 10

Define chromosomes

Answer 10

threads of chromatin in cell nuclei that contain DNA

Question 11

How many chromosomes are there in a human cell?

Answer 11

23 pair or 46

Question 12

Define DNA

Answer 12

blueprint for the human body

Question 13

Define gene

Answer 13

genetic code for one protein

Question 14

Define messenger RNA

Answer 14

nucleic acid that copies genes from DNA and leaves the nucleus to deliver the genes to the ribosome

Question 15

Define ribosome

Answer 15

bonds amino acids to form proteins

Question 16

Define transfer RNA

Answer 16

collects amino acids for the ribosomes

Question 17

Define mutation

Answer 17

a mistake in the DNA

Question 18

Define ATP

Answer 18

a product of cell respiration that contains biologically useful energy, energy source for all cellular processes

Question 19

Describe endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

network of membranous tubules that extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane, serves as passage ways for the transport of materials necessary for cell function

Question 20

Describe ribosomes

Answer 20

small structures in a cell made of protein and ribosomal RNA, site of protein synthesis

Question 21

Describe the golgi apparatus

Answer 21

series of flat, meberous sacs; site of carbohydrate synthesis that are then packaged with other materials for secretion from the cell

Question 22

Describe mitochondria

Answer 22

double membrane organelles within the cytoplasm; site of cellular repiration; ATP production

Question 23

Describe lysosomes

Answer 23

single membrane structures within the cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes; digests bacteria, worn out cell parts, and dead cells

Question 24

State the formula for cellular respiration

Answer 24

glucose + oxygen = heat + water + carbon dioxide + ATP

Question 25

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to the carbon dioxide

Answer 25

removed from the cells to the blood to be carried to the lungs and exhaled

Question 26

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to thewater

Answer 26

becomes part of the intracellular fluid

Question 27

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to the heat

Answer 27

contributes to normal body temperature

Question 28

After cellular respiration, describe what happens to the ATP

Answer 28

used for various cell processes

Question 29

Describe mitosis

Answer 29

a single cell with with 46 chromosomes splits into two daughter cells who each have 46 chromosomes

Question 30

Describe meiosis

Answer 30

the formation of gametes; one cell with 46 chromosomes divides twice to produce four cells with 23 chromosomes each

Question 31

Define diploid

Answer 31

a cell with 46 chromosomes

Question 32

Define haploid

Answer 32

a cell with 23 chromosomes

Question 33

Define osmosis

Answer 33

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 34

Define diffusion

Answer 34

the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Question 35

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 35

the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need help

Question 36

Define active transport

Answer 36

requires the energy of ATPto move molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Question 37

Define filtration

Answer 37

water and dissolved material are forced through membranes from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

Question 38

Define phagocytosis

Answer 38

cell eating

Question 39

Define pinocytosis

Answer 39

cell drinking

Question 40

Define apoptosis

Answer 40

cellular suicide