General Science & Chemistry

Question 1

Define matter

Answer 1

everything around us that has matter and occupies space

Question 2

Define elements

Answer 2

primary substances that all matter in the universe is composed of

Question 3

Define atom

Answer 3

smallest piece of an element, simplest unit of matter

Question 4

Define molecule

Answer 4

chemical structure composed of more than one atom

Question 5

Define compound

Answer 5

a molecule that contains atoms of more than one element

Question 6

Atomic symbol for Carbon

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Atomic symbol for Hydrogen

Answer 7

H

Question 8

Atomic symbol for Oxygen

Answer 8

O

Question 9

Atomic symbol for Nitrogen

Answer 9

N

Question 10

Atomic symbol for Calcium

Answer 10

Ca

Question 11

Atomic symbol for Potassium

Answer 11

K

Question 12

Atomic symbol for Chlorine

Answer 12

Cl

Question 13

Atomic symbol for Magnesium

Answer 13

Mg

Question 14

Describe calciums importance to the body

Answer 14

found in bones and teeth, important for membrane function, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and blood clotting

Question 15

Describe potassiums importance to the body

Answer 15

proper membrane function, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction

Question 16

Describe chlorines importance to the body

Answer 16

membrane function and water absorption

Question 17

Describe magnesiums importance to the body

Answer 17

required for activation of several enzymes

Question 18

List the subatomic particles

Answer 18

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 19

Define proton

Answer 19

positively charged atom particle found in the nucleus

Question 20

Define neutron

Answer 20

particle with no electric charge found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 21

Define electron

Answer 21

negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom

Question 22

Define atomic weight

Answer 22

average mass or weight of an atom

Question 23

Define atomic number

Answer 23

number of protons in an atom

Question 24

Define ion

Answer 24

atoms or molecules with a + or - charge; cations (+) and anions (-)

Question 25

Define cation

Answer 25

an ion with a positive charge

Question 26

Define anion

Answer 26

an ion with a negative charge

Question 27

Describe ionic bond

Answer 27

a weak bond between a cation and an anion, attraction is the result of two molecules or atoms wiht opposite charges, ex. sodium chloride molecule

Question 28

Describe covalent bond

Answer 28

strong bond comprised of molecules and atoms sharing electrons, ex. oxygen and hydrogen molecules

Question 29

Describe polar covalent bonds

Answer 29

covalent bonds where one atom or molecule has a greater attraction to the other, resulting in electrons of the opposite atom or molecule spending more time on the other atom or molecule resulting in a negative charge, ex. water

Question 30

Describe hydrogen bonds

Answer 30

the attraction of a hydrogen atom and a negatively charged atom in another molecule or at another site in the same molecule, ex. water molecule

Question 31

Define chemical reactions

Answer 31

the breaking apart of bonds between atoms and rearranged into new combinations

Question 32

Describe the importance of chemical reactions to the human body

Answer 32

they are necessary to sustain life

Question 33

Define metabolism

Answer 33

all the chemical reactions in the body

Question 34

Define work

Answer 34

movement or a change in chemical structure

Question 35

Define energy

Answer 35

capacity to perform work

Question 36

Define kinetic energy

Answer 36

energy of motion

Question 37

Define potential energy

Answer 37

stored energy

Question 38

Define decomposition reactions

Answer 38

breaking down a molecule into smaller fragments

Question 39

Define synthesis reactions

Answer 39

assembles larger molecules from smaller components

Question 40

Define catabolism

Answer 40

the breakdown of complex molecules within cells

Question 41

Define anabolism

Answer 41

the synthesis of new compounds in the body

Question 42

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates by temperature

Answer 42

increasing temperature increases reaction rates and conversly, lowering temperature slows reaction rates

Question 43

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates due to partical size

Answer 43

smaller particles provide increased surface area for a given mass reslulting in a greater chance of collision of the reacting molecules speeding up the reactions

Question 44

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates by catalysts

Answer 44

enzymes that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up in the process

Question 45

Describe the change in chemical reaction rates due to concentration

Answer 45

increases the rate of chemical reactions