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Neuroscience > Intro the the Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro the the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the nervous system

A
  • cognitive functions
  • sensory functions
  • motor functions
  • autonomic functions (digestion, circulation, excretion, respiration, etc.)
  • psychological functions
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2
Q

Events that may affect the nervous system

A
  • trauma
  • vascular disorders
  • inflammation
  • degenerative disorders
  • developmental disorders
  • tumors
  • immunologic disorders
  • toxins
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3
Q

What are the different ways that neuroscience can be studied

A
  • molecular neuroscience
  • cellular neuroscience
  • systems neuroscience
  • behavioral neuroscience
  • computational neuroscience
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4
Q

Describe the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A
  • relay between central processing unit (CPU) & rest of body
  • made of nerves & ganglia
  • divided into somatic (voluntary control) & autonomic (involuntary control) nervous system
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5
Q

Describe the central nervous system (CNS)

A
  • brain & spinal cord
  • central processing unit (CPU)
  • encased in bone
  • also covered by meninges
  • protected by blood brain barrier (BBB)
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6
Q

Describe the blood brain barrier (BBB)

A
  • formed by endothelial cells of the capillary wall, astrocyte end feet ensheathing the capillary, & pericytes
  • allow small molecules like O2, glucose, some lipophilic molecules
  • not present in PNS
  • present in CNS
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7
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem

A
  • midbrain is the top part
  • pons is the bulge
  • medulla is the bottom
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8
Q

Function of the occipital lobe

A
  • vision
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9
Q

Function of the parietal lobe

A
  • involved in multiple types of tasks of processing
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10
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A
  • ability to judge things & shapes our personality
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11
Q

Function of the temporal lobe

A
  • has an important center for memory & helps with speech & auditory function
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12
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A
  • balance & coordination
  • postural control
  • planning/generating coordinated movements
  • can orient our head in space to prevent us from being dizzy
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13
Q

Function of the thalamus

A
  • primary relay center for controlling incoming sensory information which is then past on
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14
Q

Function of the corpus collosum

A
  • biggest bunch of white matter nerve fibers
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15
Q

Function of the penal gland

A
  • manage or control sleep wake cycle
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16
Q

Function of the hypothalamus

A
  • controls memory processing & controls the overall hormonal system of the body
17
Q

Function of the tectum

A
  • tent is the roof of the midbrain, vision center, & auditory control center in the tectum
18
Q

Function of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

A
  • produced by the choroid plexus & ependymal cells
  • buoyancy, shock absorber, removal of waste from brain
19
Q

Describe a CT scan

A
  • faster & cheaper than MRI but radiation is a concern & should be avoided in children & pregnant women
  • uses x-rays
  • computer reconstructs data to create image
  • dense material appear white, less dense appear darker
  • bone, metal - white
  • tissue with high water content - dark grey
  • tissue with high protein - lighter grey
  • gray matter slightly lighter than white matter
  • contrast enhancement using iodine to improve visualization of increased angiogenesis (tumor) or BBB breakdown (stroke, infection, inflammation)
20
Q

Describe a MRI

A
  • proton dense areas, tissues with water - brighter
  • areas that lack protons, air, bone - darker
  • contraindications: metal implants, pacemaker, cochlear implants, claustrophobia
  • provides better resolution of soft tissue compared to CT, study of choice for tumors, MS, inflammation
21
Q

Difference between T1 and T2 MRI

A
  • T1: fluid is dark & bone/air is light
  • T2: fluid is light & bone/air is dark
22
Q

Describe a DWI MRI

A
  • highlights areas of reduced water movement after ischemia
23
Q

Describe DTI MRI

A
  • based on water movement along white matter tracts
24
Q

Describe a PET scan (positron emission tomography

A
  • injection of radioisotopes, measurement of emitted gamma rays
  • measures metabolic activity through blood flow, glucose metabolism, & O2 consumption
  • invasive technique
25
Q

Describe a functional MRI

A
  • measures neural metabolic activity by detecting changes in oxygenated blood flow
  • non-invasive

Neuroscience (10 decks)

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